--- name: lawve-ai/EU-Legislation source: https://app.decimal.ai/s/lawve-ai-eu-legislation@1/SKILL.md source_sha256: 199a88aefe8d --- # EU Legislation & Case Law Access EU law directly. Search and retrieve Directives, Regulations, Decisions, Treaties and CJEU case law from EUR-Lex. ## Capabilities | Action | Method | |-------------------------------------------|-----------------| | **Search legislation/case law** | EUR-Lex Search | | **Document info, status, modifications** | EUR-Lex /ALL/ | | **Procedure history** | EUR-Lex /HIS/ | | **National transposition status** | EUR-Lex /NIM/ | | **National transposition full text** | Official National Databases (27 MS) | --- ## Method 1: EUR-Lex Search (Semantic Search) **Best for:** Finding documents by concept, topic, or keyword. ### URL Pattern ``` https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=QUERY&lang=LANG&type=quick&locale=LOCALE ``` ### Languages (All 24 Official EU Languages) | Language | Code | Native Name | |-------------|------|--------------------| | Bulgarian | bg | Български | | Czech | cs | Čeština | | Danish | da | Dansk | | Dutch | nl | Nederlands | | English | en | English | | Estonian | et | Eesti keel | | Finnish | fi | Suomi | | French | fr | Français | | German | de | Deutsch | | Greek | el | Ελληνικά | | Croatian | hr | Hrvatski | | Hungarian | hu | Magyar | | Irish | ga | Gaeilge | | Italian | it | Italiano | | Latvian | lv | Latviešu valoda | | Lithuanian | lt | Lietuvių kalba | | Maltese | mt | Malti | | Polish | pl | Polski | | Portuguese | pt | Português | | Romanian | ro | Română | | Slovak | sk | Slovenčina | | Slovenian | sl | Slovenščina | | Spanish | es | Español | | Swedish | sv | Svenska | Use code for both `lang=` and `locale=` parameters. ### Document Types (Form) When reading search results, identify the document type from the "Form" field: | Form | Type | Description | |-----------------------------------|----------|--------------------------------| | Judgment | JUDG | CJEU/General Court judgment | | Opinion of the Advocate General | OPIN_AG | AG conclusions | | Directive | DIR | EU Directive | | Regulation | REG | EU Regulation | | Decision | DEC | EU Decision | | Treaty | TREATY | EU Treaty | | Proposal | PROP | Commission proposal | **Note:** Prefer broad searches WITHOUT FM_CODED filter to catch more results. Filter by reading the Form field in results instead. ### Examples ``` # Broad search (recommended - catches all document types) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=cookies+consent&lang=en&type=quick&locale=en # Search in French https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=protection+donnees&lang=fr&type=quick&locale=fr # Search CSRD https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=CSRD&lang=en&type=quick&locale=en ``` ### Pagination - Page 1: No `&page` parameter - Page 2+: Add `&page=2`, `&page=3`, etc. --- ## Method 2: EUR-Lex Document Pages (Advanced) ### URL Patterns Replace `{CELEX}` with the CELEX ID (e.g., `32016R0679`). | Page | URL Pattern | Content | |-----------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------------------| | **Full text** | `/TXT/?uri=CELEX:{CELEX}` | Document text | | **All info** | `/ALL/?uri=CELEX:{CELEX}` | Related docs, modifications, annexes | | **Procedure** | `/HIS/?uri=CELEX:{CELEX}` | Legislative procedure history | | **Transposition** | `/NIM/?uri=CELEX:{CELEX}` | National implementation (directives) | ### Base URL ``` https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/{LANG}/{PAGE}/?uri=CELEX:{CELEX} ``` ### Examples **GDPR - All information:** ``` https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679 ``` **Whistleblower Directive - National transposition:** ``` https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/NIM/?uri=CELEX:32019L1937 ``` **CSRD - Procedure history:** ``` https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/HIS/?uri=CELEX:32022L2464 ``` --- ## What You Can Find ### /ALL/ Page (Document Information) - **Legal status**: In force, amended, repealed - **Consolidated version date** - **ELI**: European Legislation Identifier - **Modifications**: What acts modified this one - **Modified by**: List of amending acts with dates - **Corrected by**: Corrigenda - **Related documents**: Annexes, proposals, opinions ### /NIM/ Page (National Implementation) - **Transposition status** by member state - **National measures** implementing the directive - **Links to national legislation** - **Transposition deadlines** > **IMPORTANT**: EUR-Lex /NIM/ links to national texts often show "Texte non disponible". When this happens, use the **Official National Legal Databases** (see below) to retrieve the actual text. ### /HIS/ Page (Procedure) - **Legislative procedure** (ordinary, special) - **Commission proposal** - **Parliament readings** - **Council positions** - **Final adoption date** --- ## Cross-Reference Verification EU law contains extensive cross-references. **Always verify referenced texts** to provide accurate answers. ### Types of References | Reference Type | Example | How to Verify | |-------------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Internal article | "Article 21" | Re-read the full text | | External act | "Regulation (EU) 2016/679" | GoodLegal API or EUR-Lex /TXT/ | | Annex | "Annex I, Part B" | EUR-Lex /ALL/ page | | Implementing act (Art. 291 TFEU) | "Commission Implementing Regulation" | EUR-Lex /ALL/ → "Internal procedures based on this legislative basic act" | | Delegated act (Art. 290 TFEU) | "Commission Delegated Regulation" | EUR-Lex /ALL/ → "Internal procedures based on this legislative basic act" | | CJEU case law | "Case C-xxx/xx" | EUR-Lex /ALL/ → "Affected by case" | ### Verification Workflow ``` Reading EU text │ ├─► Found "Article X" reference? │ └─► WebFetch same document, extract Article X │ ├─► Found "Directive/Regulation XXXX/XXX" reference? │ └─► GoodLegal API with CELEX ID │ OR WebFetch EUR-Lex /TXT/ page │ ├─► Found "Annex" reference? │ └─► WebFetch EUR-Lex /ALL/ page │ Look for "Annexes" section │ └─► Need related/implementing acts? └─► WebFetch EUR-Lex /ALL/ page Look for: - "Implemented by" - "Delegated acts" - "Related documents" - "Based on" ``` ### Using /ALL/ for Related Documents The /ALL/ page shows the complete document ecosystem: ``` https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:{CELEX} ``` **What to look for:** | EUR-Lex Label | Contains | |-----------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------| | **Legal basis** | Treaties (Art. 290, 291 TFEU), parent legislation | | **Internal procedures based on this legislative basic act** | Implementing acts (Art. 291 TFEU) and Delegated acts (Art. 290 TFEU) | | **Modified by** | Amending acts with dates and affected subdivisions | | **Modifies** | Acts that this document amends | | **Corrected by** | Corrigenda (language-specific corrections) | | **Subsequent related instruments** | Follow-up legislation, related acts | | **Affected by case** | CJEU judgments interpreting this act | | **Consolidated text** | Link to consolidated version with all amendments | **Note:** Implementing acts (uniform application conditions) and Delegated acts (supplement/amend non-essential elements) are often grouped together under "Internal procedures". ### Example: Answering a Legal Question ``` User asks: "What are the penalties under Directive 20XX/XXX?" Step 1: Get full text → GoodLegal API: "320XXLXXXX" Step 2: Find sanctions article (e.g., Article 30) → WebFetch EUR-Lex /TXT/ page, extract Article 30 → Found: "Member States shall lay down penalties..." → References Article 5 (obligations) and Article 10 (reporting) Step 3: Verify internal references → WebFetch same page, extract Articles 5 and 10 → Article 5: Main compliance obligations → Article 10: Notification requirements Step 4: Check for external references → Article 30 references Regulation (EU) 20YY/YYY → GoodLegal API: "320YYRYYYY" → Extract relevant provisions Step 5: Check /ALL/ for implementing acts → WebFetch EUR-Lex /ALL/?uri=CELEX:320XXLXXXX → Found: Commission Implementing Regulation 20ZZ/ZZZ → Retrieve and review implementing details ``` ### Reference Chain Documentation When answering legal questions, document the reference chain: ``` **Question:** What are the reporting obligations under Directive 20XX/XXX? **Answer:** - Article 10: Notification within 72 hours - Article 11: Content requirements (see Annex II) **Internal references verified:** - Article 5 → Scope of application - Annex II → Notification template **External references verified:** - Regulation 20YY/YYY Article 15 → Definitions - Commission Implementing Regulation 20ZZ/ZZZ → Technical standards **Related acts from /ALL/ page:** - 3 implementing regulations - 1 delegated act - 2 amending acts ``` --- ## Decision Flow ``` User request │ ├─► Full text needed? │ └─► GoodLegal API (CELEX ID or reference) │ ├─► Search by concept? │ └─► EUR-Lex Search via WebFetch │ Read Form field to identify document type │ ├─► Legal status / modifications? │ └─► EUR-Lex /ALL/ page via WebFetch │ ├─► Transposition status? │ └─► EUR-Lex /NIM/ page via WebFetch │ └─► Legislative procedure? └─► EUR-Lex /HIS/ page via WebFetch ``` --- ## Parallel Search Strategy For comprehensive research, launch multiple WebFetch calls in parallel: ``` # Search pages 1-5 simultaneously Page 1: .../search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=QUERY&lang=en&type=quick&locale=en Page 2: .../search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=QUERY&lang=en&type=quick&locale=en&page=2 Page 3: .../search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=QUERY&lang=en&type=quick&locale=en&page=3 Page 4: .../search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=QUERY&lang=en&type=quick&locale=en&page=4 Page 5: .../search.html?scope=EURLEX&text=QUERY&lang=en&type=quick&locale=en&page=5 ``` Then filter results by Form field (Judgment, Directive, Regulation, etc.) based on user needs. --- ## Common References ### Legislation | Name | CELEX ID | |---------------|-------------| | GDPR | 32016R0679 | | AI Act | 32024R1689 | | DSA | 32022R2065 | | DMA | 32022R1925 | | NIS2 | 32022L2555 | | Whistleblower | 32019L1937 | | ePrivacy | 32002L0058 | | CSRD | 32022L2464 | ### Key CJEU Cases | Name | Case Number | Topic | |-------------------|-------------|--------------------------| | Costa v ENEL | C-6/64 | Primacy | | Google Spain | C-131/12 | Right to be forgotten | | Schrems II | C-311/18 | Data transfers | | Planet49 | C-673/17 | Cookie consent | --- ## Output Format ### Legislation ``` **Directive (EU) 2019/1937 — Whistleblower Protection** Status: In force (consolidated: 25/07/2024) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019L1937 Modifications: 6 amending acts Transposition: 27/27 Member States ``` ### Case Law ``` **Case C-311/18 — Schrems II** Date: 16/07/2020 Topic: Data transfers, Privacy Shield invalidation https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62018CJ0311 ``` --- ## Error Handling ### No Results - Try different search terms - Try both EN and User's language - Use EUR-Lex Search as fallback - Check CELEX ID format ### EUR-Lex National Text Unavailable When EUR-Lex /NIM/ links show "Texte non disponible" or "Text not available", follow the **National Transposition Text Retrieval** workflow below. --- ## Method 3: National Transposition Texts ### Problem EUR-Lex /NIM/ pages list national transposition measures but **the links to actual text often fail** ("Texte non disponible" / "Text not available"). The /NIM/ page provides: - Name of the national measure (e.g., "Decreto Legislativo 10 marzo 2023, n. 24") - Official Journal reference (e.g., "Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 63 del 15 marzo 2023") - Transposition deadline ### Workflow ``` Step 1: EUR-Lex /NIM/ Page │ └─► WebFetch https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/NIM/?uri=CELEX:{CELEX} Extract: measure name, Official Journal reference, date │ ▼ Step 2: Try EUR-Lex Link │ └─► Click/fetch the link provided on the /NIM/ page (e.g., https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?uri=NIM:202302012) │ ├─► Text available? → USE IT ✓ │ └─► "Texte non disponible" / "Text not available"? │ ▼ Step 3: Official National Database (see table below) │ └─► Use the measure reference from Step 1 Search in the official national legal database (e.g., Normattiva for Italy, Légifrance for France) │ ├─► Text found? → USE IT ✓ │ └─► Not found? │ ▼ Step 4: Web Search (last resort) │ └─► Search for official sources using: - Measure name + number + year - Official Journal reference - Filter by official government domains (.gov, .gv, .gouv, etc.) ``` ### Official National Legal Databases (All 27 EU Member States) Sources verified via [N-Lex](https://n-lex.europa.eu/n-lex/index), [European e-Justice Portal](https://e-justice.europa.eu/6/EN/national_legislation), and [European Forum of Official Gazettes](https://op.europa.eu/en/web/forum). | Country | Code | Official Database | URL | |---------|------|-------------------|-----| | Austria | AT | RIS (Rechtsinformationssystem) | https://www.ris.bka.gv.at | | Belgium | BE | Belgisch Staatsblad / Moniteur Belge | https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be | | Bulgaria | BG | Държавен вестник (State Gazette) | https://dv.parliament.bg | | Croatia | HR | Narodne Novine | https://narodne-novine.nn.hr | | Cyprus | CY | CyLaw + Official Gazette | http://www.cylaw.org | | Czechia | CZ | Sbírka zákonů / Zákony pro lidi | https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz | | Denmark | DK | Retsinformation | https://www.retsinformation.dk | | Estonia | EE | Riigi Teataja | https://www.riigiteataja.ee | | Finland | FI | Finlex | https://www.finlex.fi | | France | FR | Légifrance | https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr | | Germany | DE | Gesetze im Internet | https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de | | Greece | EL | Εφημερίδα της Κυβερνήσεως (ΦΕΚ) | https://www.et.gr | | Hungary | HU | Nemzeti Jogszabálytár | https://njt.hu | | Ireland | IE | Irish Statute Book | https://www.irishstatutebook.ie | | Italy | IT | Normattiva / Gazzetta Ufficiale | https://www.normattiva.it | | Latvia | LV | Likumi.lv | https://likumi.lv | | Lithuania | LT | e-TAR (Teisės aktų registras) | https://www.e-tar.lt | | Luxembourg | LU | Legilux | https://legilux.public.lu | | Malta | MT | Laws of Malta | https://legislation.mt | | Netherlands | NL | Wetten.overheid.nl | https://wetten.overheid.nl | | Poland | PL | ISAP (Sejm) | https://isap.sejm.gov.pl | | Portugal | PT | DRE (Diário da República) | https://dre.pt | | Romania | RO | Legislatie.just.ro | https://legislatie.just.ro | | Slovakia | SK | Slov-Lex | https://www.slov-lex.sk | | Slovenia | SI | PISRS | http://www.pisrs.si | | Spain | ES | BOE (Boletín Oficial del Estado) | https://www.boe.es | | Sweden | SE | Lagrummet / Svensk författningssamling | https://lagrummet.se | ### Country-Specific URL Patterns #### Italy (Normattiva) ``` # By URN (preferred) https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:YYYY-MM-DD;NUM # Example: D.Lgs. 24/2023 (Whistleblower) https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2023-03-10;24 # By Gazzetta Ufficiale https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/YYYY/MM/DD/XXXXXXXX/sg ``` #### France (Légifrance) ``` # By JORF text number https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT{NUMBER} # By law number (search) https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?tab_selection=all&searchField=ALL&query=loi+{YEAR}-{NUMBER} # Example: Loi Waserman 2022-401 https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000045388745 ``` #### Germany (Gesetze im Internet) ``` # By law abbreviation https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/{abbrev}/ # Federal Law Gazette (BGBl) https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav ``` #### Spain (BOE) ``` # By BOE reference https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-YYYY-NNNNN # By law reference https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-YYYY-NNNNN ``` #### Netherlands (Overheid.nl) ``` # By BWBR number https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR{NUMBER} # By Staatsblad reference https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-{YEAR}-{NUMBER} ``` #### Poland (ISAP) ``` # By Dz.U. reference https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU{YEAR}{NUMBER} ``` ### Example: Retrieving Italian Transposition Text ``` User asks: "Get the Italian transposition of the Whistleblower Directive" Step 1: Check EUR-Lex /NIM/ → WebFetch https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/NIM/?uri=CELEX:32019L1937 → Found: "Decreto Legislativo 10 marzo 2023, n. 24" "Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 63 del 15 marzo 2023" Step 2: Try EUR-Lex link → WebFetch the provided link → Result: "Texte non disponible" Step 3: Go to Normattiva (official Italian database) → WebFetch https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2023-03-10;24 → SUCCESS: Full text of D.Lgs. 24/2023 retrieved ✓ If Step 3 fails: Step 4: Web search (last resort) → WebSearch "D.Lgs. 24/2023 whistleblowing site:normattiva.it OR site:gazzettaufficiale.it" ``` ### Regulatory Authority Websites For **implementation guidelines, interpretive guidance, and FAQs**, also check the national regulatory authority responsible for the directive: | Directive | Topic | Key National Authorities | |-----------|-------|--------------------------| | 2019/1937 (Whistleblower) | Anti-corruption | IT: [ANAC](https://www.anticorruzione.it), FR: [Défenseur des droits](https://www.defenseurdesdroits.fr), DE: [BfJ](https://www.bundesjustizamt.de) | | 2016/679 (GDPR) | Data protection | IT: [Garante Privacy](https://www.garanteprivacy.it), FR: [CNIL](https://www.cnil.fr), DE: [BfDI](https://www.bfdi.bund.de) | | 2022/2555 (NIS2) | Cybersecurity | IT: [ACN](https://www.acn.gov.it), FR: [ANSSI](https://www.ssi.gouv.fr), DE: [BSI](https://www.bsi.bund.de) | --- ## CELEX Format Reference ### Legislation: `3{YEAR}{TYPE}{NUMBER}` | Type | Code | Example | |------------|------|-------------| | Directive | L | 32019L1937 | | Regulation | R | 32016R0679 | | Decision | D | 32021D0914 | ### Case Law: `6{YEAR}{COURT}{NUMBER}` | Court | Code | Example | |------------------|------|-------------| | Court of Justice | CJ | 62018CJ0311 | | General Court | TJ | 62022TJ0354 | | AG Opinion | CC | 62017CC0673 |