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Get Started Free →Flujos de trabajo de despliegue, patrones de pipeline CI/CD, contenedorización Docker, health checks, estrategias de rollback y listas de verificación de preparación para producción de aplicaciones web.
| Test case | Without → With | Effect | Δ tokens | Δ turns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| case-01 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 94% | 0% |
| case-06 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 119% | 0% |
| case-08 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 347% | 0% |
| case-10 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 194% | 0% |
| case-16 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 131% | 0% |
生产环境部署工作流和 CI/CD 最佳实践。
逐步替换实例——在发布过程中,新旧版本同时运行。
实例 1: v1 → v2 (首次更新)
实例 2: v1 (仍在运行 v1)
实例 3: v1 (仍在运行 v1)
实例 1: v2
实例 2: v1 → v2 (第二次更新)
实例 3: v1
实例 1: v2
实例 2: v2
实例 3: v1 → v2 (最后更新)优点: 零停机时间,渐进式发布 缺点: 两个版本同时运行——需要向后兼容的更改 适用场景: 标准部署,向后兼容的更改
运行两个相同的环境。原子化地切换流量。
Blue (v1) ← 流量
Green (v2) 空闲,运行新版本
# 验证后:
Blue (v1) 空闲(转为备用状态)
Green (v2) ← 流量优点: 即时回滚(切换回蓝色环境),切换干净利落 缺点: 部署期间需要双倍的基础设施 适用场景: 关键服务,对问题零容忍
首先将一小部分流量路由到新版本。
v1:95% 的流量
v2:5% 的流量(金丝雀)
# 如果指标表现良好:
v1:50% 的流量
v2:50% 的流量
# 最终:
v2:100% 的流量优点: 在全量发布前,通过真实流量发现问题 缺点: 需要流量分割基础设施和监控 适用场景: 高流量服务,风险性更改,功能标志
dockerfile# Stage 1: Install dependencies FROM node:22-alpine AS deps WORKDIR /app COPY package.json package-lock.json ./ RUN npm ci --production=false # Stage 2: Build FROM node:22-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules COPY . . RUN npm run build RUN npm prune --production # Stage 3: Production image FROM node:22-alpine AS runner WORKDIR /app RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -u 1001 USER appuser COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/node_modules ./node_modules COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/dist ./dist COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/package.json ./ ENV NODE_ENV=production EXPOSE 3000 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \ CMD wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1 CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"]
dockerfileFROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY go.mod go.sum ./ RUN go mod download COPY . . RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o /server ./cmd/server FROM alpine:3.19 AS runner RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates RUN adduser -D -u 1001 appuser USER appuser COPY --from=builder /server /server EXPOSE 8080 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD wget -qO- http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1 CMD ["/server"]
dockerfileFROM python:3.12-slim AS builder WORKDIR /app RUN pip install --no-cache-dir uv COPY requirements.txt . RUN uv pip install --system --no-cache -r requirements.txt FROM python:3.12-slim AS runner WORKDIR /app RUN useradd -r -u 1001 appuser USER appuser COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin COPY . . ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 EXPOSE 8000 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health/')" || exit 1 CMD ["gunicorn", "config.wsgi:application", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4"]
# 良好实践
- 使用特定版本标签(node:22-alpine,而非 node:latest)
- 采用多阶段构建以最小化镜像体积
- 以非 root 用户身份运行
- 优先复制依赖文件(利用分层缓存)
- 使用 .dockerignore 排除 node_modules、.git、tests 等文件
- 添加 HEALTHCHECK 指令
- 在 docker-compose 或 k8s 中设置资源限制
# 不良实践
- 以 root 身份运行
- 使用 :latest 标签
- 在单个 COPY 层中复制整个仓库
- 在生产镜像中安装开发依赖
- 在镜像中存储密钥(应使用环境变量或密钥管理器)yamlname: CI/CD on: push: branches: [main] pull_request: branches: [main] jobs: test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: actions/setup-node@v4 with: node-version: 22 cache: npm - run: npm ci - run: npm run lint - run: npm run typecheck - run: npm test -- --coverage - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 if: always() with: name: coverage path: coverage/ build: needs: test runs-on: ubuntu-latest if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3 - uses: docker/login-action@v3 with: registry: ghcr.io username: ${{ github.actor }} password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - uses: docker/build-push-action@v5 with: push: true tags: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }} cache-from: type=gha cache-to: type=gha,mode=max deploy: needs: build runs-on: ubuntu-latest if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' environment: production steps: - name: Deploy to production run: | # Platform-specific deployment command # Railway: railway up # Vercel: vercel --prod # K8s: kubectl set image deployment/app app=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }} echo "Deploying ${{ github.sha }}"
PR 已开启:
lint → typecheck → 单元测试 → 集成测试 → 预览部署
合并到 main:
lint → typecheck → 单元测试 → 集成测试 → 构建镜像 → 部署到 staging → 冒烟测试 → 部署到 productiontypescript// Simple health check app.get("/health", (req, res) => { res.status(200).json({ status: "ok" }); }); // Detailed health check (for internal monitoring) app.get("/health/detailed", async (req, res) => { const checks = { database: await checkDatabase(), redis: await checkRedis(), externalApi: await checkExternalApi(), }; const allHealthy = Object.values(checks).every(c => c.status === "ok"); res.status(allHealthy ? 200 : 503).json({ status: allHealthy ? "ok" : "degraded", timestamp: new Date().toISOString(), version: process.env.APP_VERSION || "unknown", uptime: process.uptime(), checks, }); }); async function checkDatabase(): Promise<HealthCheck> { try { await db.query("SELECT 1"); return { status: "ok", latency_ms: 2 }; } catch (err) { return { status: "error", message: "Database unreachable" }; } }
yamllivenessProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 3000 initialDelaySeconds: 10 periodSeconds: 30 failureThreshold: 3 readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 3000 initialDelaySeconds: 5 periodSeconds: 10 failureThreshold: 2 startupProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 3000 initialDelaySeconds: 0 periodSeconds: 5 failureThreshold: 30 # 30 * 5s = 150s max startup time
bash# All config via environment variables — never in code DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:pass@host:5432/db REDIS_URL=redis://host:6379/0 API_KEY=${API_KEY} # injected by secrets manager LOG_LEVEL=info PORT=3000 # Environment-specific behavior NODE_ENV=production # or staging, development APP_ENV=production # explicit app environment
typescriptimport { z } from "zod"; const envSchema = z.object({ NODE_ENV: z.enum(["development", "staging", "production"]), PORT: z.coerce.number().default(3000), DATABASE_URL: z.string().url(), REDIS_URL: z.string().url(), JWT_SECRET: z.string().min(32), LOG_LEVEL: z.enum(["debug", "info", "warn", "error"]).default("info"), }); // Validate at startup — fail fast if config is wrong export const env = envSchema.parse(process.env);
bash# Docker/Kubernetes: point to previous image kubectl rollout undo deployment/app # Vercel: promote previous deployment vercel rollback # Railway: redeploy previous commit railway up --commit <previous-sha> # Database: rollback migration (if reversible) npx prisma migrate resolve --rolled-back <migration-name>
在任何生产部署之前:
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