Azure Web PubSub Service SDK for Python

Real-time messaging with WebSocket connections at scale.

Installation

bash
# Service SDK (server-side)
pip install azure-messaging-webpubsubservice

# Client SDK (for Python WebSocket clients)
pip install azure-messaging-webpubsubclient

Environment Variables

bash
AZURE_WEBPUBSUB_CONNECTION_STRING=Endpoint=https://<name>.webpubsub.azure.com;AccessKey=...
AZURE_WEBPUBSUB_HUB=my-hub

Service Client (Server-Side)

Authentication

python
from azure.messaging.webpubsubservice import WebPubSubServiceClient

# Connection string
client = WebPubSubServiceClient.from_connection_string(
    connection_string=os.environ["AZURE_WEBPUBSUB_CONNECTION_STRING"],
    hub="my-hub"
)

# Entra ID
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

client = WebPubSubServiceClient(
    endpoint="https://<name>.webpubsub.azure.com",
    hub="my-hub",
    credential=DefaultAzureCredential()
)

Generate Client Access Token

python
# Token for anonymous user
token = client.get_client_access_token()
print(f"URL: {token['url']}")

# Token with user ID
token = client.get_client_access_token(
    user_id="user123",
    roles=["webpubsub.sendToGroup", "webpubsub.joinLeaveGroup"]
)

# Token with groups
token = client.get_client_access_token(
    user_id="user123",
    groups=["group1", "group2"]
)

Send to All Clients

python
# Send text
client.send_to_all(message="Hello everyone!", content_type="text/plain")

# Send JSON
client.send_to_all(
    message={"type": "notification", "data": "Hello"},
    content_type="application/json"
)

Send to User

python
client.send_to_user(
    user_id="user123",
    message="Hello user!",
    content_type="text/plain"
)

Send to Group

python
client.send_to_group(
    group="my-group",
    message="Hello group!",
    content_type="text/plain"
)

Send to Connection

python
client.send_to_connection(
    connection_id="abc123",
    message="Hello connection!",
    content_type="text/plain"
)

Group Management

python
# Add user to group
client.add_user_to_group(group="my-group", user_id="user123")

# Remove user from group
client.remove_user_from_group(group="my-group", user_id="user123")

# Add connection to group
client.add_connection_to_group(group="my-group", connection_id="abc123")

# Remove connection from group
client.remove_connection_from_group(group="my-group", connection_id="abc123")

Connection Management

python
# Check if connection exists
exists = client.connection_exists(connection_id="abc123")

# Check if user has connections
exists = client.user_exists(user_id="user123")

# Check if group has connections
exists = client.group_exists(group="my-group")

# Close connection
client.close_connection(connection_id="abc123", reason="Session ended")

# Close all connections for user
client.close_all_connections(user_id="user123")

Grant/Revoke Permissions

python
from azure.messaging.webpubsubservice import WebPubSubServiceClient

# Grant permission
client.grant_permission(
    permission="joinLeaveGroup",
    connection_id="abc123",
    target_name="my-group"
)

# Revoke permission
client.revoke_permission(
    permission="joinLeaveGroup",
    connection_id="abc123",
    target_name="my-group"
)

# Check permission
has_permission = client.check_permission(
    permission="joinLeaveGroup",
    connection_id="abc123",
    target_name="my-group"
)

Client SDK (Python WebSocket Client)

python
from azure.messaging.webpubsubclient import WebPubSubClient

client = WebPubSubClient(credential=token["url"])

# Event handlers
@client.on("connected")
def on_connected(e):
    print(f"Connected: {e.connection_id}")

@client.on("server-message")
def on_message(e):
    print(f"Message: {e.data}")

@client.on("group-message")
def on_group_message(e):
    print(f"Group {e.group}: {e.data}")

# Connect and send
client.open()
client.send_to_group("my-group", "Hello from Python!")

Async Service Client

python
from azure.messaging.webpubsubservice.aio import WebPubSubServiceClient
from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential

async def broadcast():
    credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
    client = WebPubSubServiceClient(
        endpoint="https://<name>.webpubsub.azure.com",
        hub="my-hub",
        credential=credential
    )
    
    await client.send_to_all("Hello async!", content_type="text/plain")
    
    await client.close()
    await credential.close()

Client Operations

| Operation | Description | |-----------|-------------| | get_client_access_token | Generate WebSocket connection URL | | send_to_all | Broadcast to all connections | | send_to_user | Send to specific user | | send_to_group | Send to group members | | send_to_connection | Send to specific connection | | add_user_to_group | Add user to group | | remove_user_from_group | Remove user from group | | close_connection | Disconnect client | | connection_exists | Check connection status |

Best Practices

1. Use roles to limit client permissions
2. Use groups for targeted messaging
3. Generate short-lived tokens for security
4. Use user IDs to send to users across connections
5. Handle reconnection in client applications
6. Use JSON content type for structured data
7. Close connections gracefully with reasons

When to Use

This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.

Limitations

• Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
• Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
• Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.