FOSMVVM ViewModel Generator

Generate ViewModels following FOSMVVM architecture patterns.

Conceptual Foundation

> For full architecture context, see FOSMVVMArchitecture.md | OpenClaw reference

A ViewModel is the bridge in the Model-View-ViewModel architecture:

┌─────────────┐      ┌─────────────────┐      ┌─────────────┐
│    Model    │ ───► │    ViewModel    │ ───► │    View     │
│   (Data)    │      │  (The Bridge)   │      │  (SwiftUI)  │
└─────────────┘      └─────────────────┘      └─────────────┘

Key insight: In FOSMVVM, ViewModels are:

• Created by a Factory (either server-side or client-side)
• Localized during encoding (resolves all @LocalizedString references)
• Consumed by Views which just render the localized data

First Decision: Hosting Mode

This is a per-ViewModel decision. An app can mix both modes - for example, a standalone iPhone app with server-based sign-in.

The key question: Where does THIS ViewModel's data come from?

| Data Source | Hosting Mode | Factory | |-------------|--------------|---------| | Server/Database | Server-Hosted | Hand-written | | Local state/preferences | Client-Hosted | Macro-generated | | ResponseError (caught error) | Client-Hosted | Macro-generated |

Server-Hosted Mode

When data comes from a server:

• Factory is hand-written on server (ViewModelFactory protocol)
• Factory queries database, builds ViewModel
• Server localizes during JSON encoding
• Client receives fully localized ViewModel

Examples: Sign-in screen, user profile from API, dashboard with server data

Client-Hosted Mode

When data is local to the device:

• Use @ViewModel(options: [.clientHostedFactory])
• Macro auto-generates factory from init parameters
• Client bundles YAML resources
• Client localizes during encoding

Examples: Settings screen, onboarding, offline-first features, error display

Error Display Pattern

Error display is a classic client-hosted scenario. You already have the data from ResponseError - just wrap it in a specific ViewModel for that error:

swift
// Specific ViewModel for MoveIdeaRequest errors
@ViewModel(options: [.clientHostedFactory])
struct MoveIdeaErrorViewModel {
    let message: LocalizableString
    let errorCode: String

    public var vmId = ViewModelId()

    // Takes the specific ResponseError
    init(responseError: MoveIdeaRequest.ResponseError) {
        self.message = responseError.message
        self.errorCode = responseError.code.rawValue
    }
}

Usage:

swift
catch let error as MoveIdeaRequest.ResponseError {
    let vm = MoveIdeaErrorViewModel(responseError: error)
    return try await req.view.render("Shared/ToastView", vm)
}

Each error scenario gets its own ViewModel:

• MoveIdeaErrorViewModel for MoveIdeaRequest.ResponseError
• CreateIdeaErrorViewModel for CreateIdeaRequest.ResponseError
• SettingsValidationErrorViewModel for settings form errors

Don't create a generic "ToastViewModel" or "ErrorViewModel" - that's unified error architecture, which we avoid.

Key insights:

• No server request needed - you already caught the error
• The LocalizableString properties in ResponseError are already localized (server did it)
• Standard ViewModel → View encoding chain handles this correctly; already-localized strings pass through unchanged
• Client-hosted ViewModel wraps existing data; the macro generates the factory

Hybrid Apps

Many apps use both:

┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               iPhone App                       │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ SettingsViewModel           → Client-Hosted   │
│ OnboardingViewModel         → Client-Hosted   │
│ MoveIdeaErrorViewModel      → Client-Hosted   │  ← Error display
│ SignInViewModel             → Server-Hosted   │
│ UserProfileViewModel        → Server-Hosted   │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Same ViewModel patterns work in both modes - only the factory creation differs.

Core Responsibility: Shaping Data

A ViewModel's job is shaping data for presentation. This happens in two places:

1. Factory - what data is needed, how to transform it
2. Localization - how to present it in context (including locale-aware ordering)

The View just renders - it should never compose, format, or reorder ViewModel properties.

What a ViewModel Contains

A ViewModel answers: "What does the View need to display?"

| Content Type | How It's Represented | Example | |--------------|---------------------|---------| | Static UI text | @LocalizedString | Page titles, button labels (fixed text) | | Dynamic enum values | LocalizableString (stored) | Status/state display (see Enum Localization Pattern) | | Dynamic data in text | @LocalizedSubs | "Welcome, %{name}!" with substitutions | | Composed text | @LocalizedCompoundString | Full name from pieces (locale-aware order) | | Formatted dates | LocalizableDate | createdAt: LocalizableDate | | Formatted numbers | LocalizableInt | totalCount: LocalizableInt | | Dynamic data | Plain properties | content: String, count: Int | | Nested components | Child ViewModels | cards: [CardViewModel] |

What a ViewModel Does NOT Contain

• Database relationships (@Parent, @Siblings)
• Business logic or validation (that's in Fields protocols)
• Raw database IDs exposed to templates (use typed properties)
• Unlocalized strings that Views must look up

Anti-Pattern: Composition in Views

swift
// ❌ WRONG - View is composing
Text(viewModel.firstName) + Text(" ") + Text(viewModel.lastName)

// ✅ RIGHT - ViewModel provides shaped result
Text(viewModel.fullName)  // via @LocalizedCompoundString

If you see + or string interpolation in a View, the shaping belongs in the ViewModel.

ViewModel Protocol Hierarchy

swift
public protocol ViewModel: ServerRequestBody, RetrievablePropertyNames, Identifiable, Stubbable {
    var vmId: ViewModelId { get }
}

public protocol RequestableViewModel: ViewModel {
    associatedtype Request: ViewModelRequest
}

ViewModel provides:

• ServerRequestBody - Can be sent over HTTP as JSON
• RetrievablePropertyNames - Enables @LocalizedString binding (via @ViewModel macro)
• Identifiable - Has vmId for SwiftUI identity
• Stubbable - Has stub() for testing/previews

RequestableViewModel adds:

• Associated Request type for fetching from server

Two Categories of ViewModels

1. Top-Level (RequestableViewModel)

Represents a full page or screen. Has:

• An associated ViewModelRequest type
• A ViewModelFactory that builds it from database
• Child ViewModels embedded within it

swift
@ViewModel
public struct DashboardViewModel: RequestableViewModel {
    public typealias Request = DashboardRequest

    @LocalizedString public var pageTitle
    public let cards: [CardViewModel]  // Children
    public var vmId: ViewModelId = .init()
}

2. Child (plain ViewModel)

Nested components built by their parent's factory. No Request type.

swift
@ViewModel
public struct CardViewModel: Codable, Sendable {
    public let id: ModelIdType
    public let title: String
    public let createdAt: LocalizableDate
    public var vmId: ViewModelId = .init()
}

Display vs Form ViewModels

ViewModels serve two distinct purposes:

| Purpose | ViewModel Type | Adopts Fields? | |---------|----------------|----------------| | Display data (read-only) | Display ViewModel | No | | Collect user input (editable) | Form ViewModel | Yes |

Display ViewModels

For showing data - cards, rows, lists, detail views:

swift
@ViewModel
public struct UserCardViewModel {
    public let id: ModelIdType
    public let name: String
    @LocalizedString public var roleDisplayName
    public let createdAt: LocalizableDate
    public var vmId: ViewModelId = .init()
}

Characteristics:

• Properties are let (read-only)
• No validation needed
• No FormField definitions
• Just projects Model data for display

Form ViewModels

For collecting input - create forms, edit forms, settings:

swift
@ViewModel
public struct UserFormViewModel: UserFields {  // ← Adopts Fields!
    public var id: ModelIdType?
    public var email: String
    public var firstName: String
    public var lastName: String

    public let userValidationMessages: UserFieldsMessages
    public var vmId: ViewModelId = .init()
}

Characteristics:

• Properties are var (editable)
• Adopts a Fields protocol for validation
• Gets FormField definitions from Fields
• Gets validation logic from Fields
• Gets localized error messages from Fields

The Connection

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    UserFields Protocol                          │
│        (defines editable properties + validation)               │
│                                                                 │
│  Adopted by:                                                    │
│  ┌─────────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐ │
│  │ CreateUserReq   │  │ UserFormVM      │  │ User (Model)    │ │
│  │ .RequestBody    │  │ (UI form)       │  │ (persistence)   │ │
│  └─────────────────┘  └─────────────────┘  └─────────────────┘ │
│                                                                 │
│  Same validation logic everywhere!                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Quick Decision Guide

The key question: "Is the user editing data in this ViewModel?"

• No → Display ViewModel (no Fields)
• Yes → Form ViewModel (adopt Fields)

| ViewModel | User Edits? | Adopt Fields? | |-----------|-------------|---------------| | UserCardViewModel | No | No | | UserRowViewModel | No | No | | UserDetailViewModel | No | No | | UserFormViewModel | Yes | UserFields | | CreateUserViewModel | Yes | UserFields | | EditUserViewModel | Yes | UserFields | | SettingsViewModel | Yes | SettingsFields |

When to Use This Skill

• Creating a new page or screen
• Adding a new UI component (card, row, modal, etc.)
• Displaying data from the database in a View
• Following an implementation plan that requires new ViewModels

What This Skill Generates

Server-Hosted: Top-Level ViewModel (4 files)

| File | Location | Purpose | |------|----------|---------| | {Name}ViewModel.swift | {ViewModelsTarget}/ | The ViewModel struct | | {Name}Request.swift | {ViewModelsTarget}/ | The ViewModelRequest type | | {Name}ViewModel.yml | {ResourcesPath}/ | Localization strings | | {Name}ViewModel+Factory.swift | {WebServerTarget}/ | Factory that builds from DB |

Client-Hosted: Top-Level ViewModel (2 files)

| File | Location | Purpose | |------|----------|---------| | {Name}ViewModel.swift | {ViewModelsTarget}/ | ViewModel with clientHostedFactory option | | {Name}ViewModel.yml | {ResourcesPath}/ | Localization strings (bundled in app) |

No Request or Factory files needed - macro generates them!

Child ViewModels (1-2 files, either mode)

| File | Location | Purpose | |------|----------|---------| | {Name}ViewModel.swift | {ViewModelsTarget}/ | The ViewModel struct | | {Name}ViewModel.yml | {ResourcesPath}/ | Localization (if has @LocalizedString) |

Note: If child is only used by one parent and represents a summary/reference (not a full ViewModel), nest it inside the parent file instead. See Nested Child Types Pattern under Key Patterns.

Project Structure Configuration

| Placeholder | Description | Example | |-------------|-------------|---------| | {ViewModelsTarget} | Shared ViewModels SPM target | ViewModels | | {ResourcesPath} | Localization resources | Sources/Resources | | {WebServerTarget} | Server-side target | WebServer, AppServer |

How to Use This Skill

Invocation: /fosmvvm-viewmodel-generator

Prerequisites:

• View requirements understood from conversation context
• Data source determined (server/database vs local state)
• Display vs Form decision made (if user input involved, Fields protocol exists)

Workflow integration: This skill is typically used after discussing View requirements or reading specification files. The skill references conversation context automatically—no file paths or Q&A needed. For Form ViewModels, run fosmvvm-fields-generator first to create the Fields protocol.

Pattern Implementation

This skill references conversation context to determine ViewModel structure:

Hosting Mode Detection

From conversation context, the skill identifies:

• Data source (server/database vs local state/preferences)
• Server-hosted → Hand-written factory, server-side localization
• Client-hosted → Macro-generated factory, client-side localization

ViewModel Design

From requirements already in context:

• View purpose (page, modal, card, row component)
• Data needs (from database query, from AppState, from caught error)
• Static UI text (titles, labels, buttons requiring @LocalizedString)
• Child ViewModels (nested components)
• Hierarchy level (top-level RequestableViewModel vs child ViewModel)

Property Planning

Based on View requirements:

• Display properties (data to render)
• Localization requirements (which properties use @LocalizedString)
• Identity strategy (singleton vmId vs instance-based vmId)
• Form adoption (whether ViewModel adopts Fields protocol)

File Generation

Server-Hosted Top-Level:

1. ViewModel struct (with RequestableViewModel)
2. Request type
3. YAML localization
4. Factory implementation

Client-Hosted Top-Level:

1. ViewModel struct (with clientHostedFactory option)
2. YAML localization

Child (either mode):

1. ViewModel struct
2. YAML localization (if needed)

Context Sources

Skill references information from:

• Prior conversation: View requirements, data sources discussed with user
• Specification files: If Claude has read UI specs or feature docs into context
• Fields protocols: From codebase or previous fosmvvm-fields-generator invocation

Key Patterns

The @ViewModel Macro

Always use the @ViewModel macro - it generates the propertyNames() method required for localization binding.

Server-Hosted (basic macro):

swift
@ViewModel
public struct MyViewModel: RequestableViewModel {
    public typealias Request = MyRequest
    @LocalizedString public var title
    public var vmId: ViewModelId = .init()
    public init() {}
}

Client-Hosted (with factory generation):

swift
@ViewModel(options: [.clientHostedFactory])
public struct SettingsViewModel {
    @LocalizedString public var pageTitle
    public var vmId: ViewModelId = .init()

    public init(theme: Theme, notifications: NotificationSettings) {
        // Init parameters become AppState properties
    }
}

// Macro auto-generates:
// - typealias Request = ClientHostedRequest
// - struct AppState { let theme: Theme; let notifications: NotificationSettings }
// - class ClientHostedRequest: ViewModelRequest { ... }
// - static func model(context:) async throws -> Self { ... }

Stubbable Pattern

All ViewModels must support stub() for testing and SwiftUI previews:

swift
public extension MyViewModel {
    static func stub() -> Self {
        .init(/* default values */)
    }
}

Identity: vmId

Every ViewModel needs a vmId for SwiftUI's identity system:

Singleton (one per page): vmId = .init(type: Self.self) Instance (multiple per page): vmId = .init(id: id) where id: ModelIdType

Localization

Static UI text uses @LocalizedString:

swift
@LocalizedString public var pageTitle

With corresponding YAML:

yaml
en:
  MyViewModel:
    pageTitle: "Welcome"

Dates and Numbers

Never send pre-formatted strings. Use localizable types:

swift
public let createdAt: LocalizableDate    // NOT String
public let itemCount: LocalizableInt     // NOT String

The client formats these according to user's locale and timezone.

Enum Localization Pattern

For dynamic enum values (status, state, category), use a stored LocalizableString - NOT @LocalizedString.

@LocalizedString always looks up the same key (the property name). A stored LocalizableString carries the dynamic key from the enum case.

swift
// Enum provides localizableString
public enum SessionState: String, CaseIterable, Codable, Sendable {
    case pending, running, completed, failed

    public var localizableString: LocalizableString {
        .localized(for: Self.self, propertyName: rawValue)
    }
}

// ViewModel stores it (NOT @LocalizedString)
@ViewModel
public struct SessionCardViewModel {
    public let state: SessionState                // Raw enum for data attributes
    public let stateDisplay: LocalizableString   // Localized display text

    public init(session: Session) {
        self.state = session.state
        self.stateDisplay = session.state.localizableString
    }
}

yaml
# YAML keys match enum type and case names
en:
  SessionState:
    pending: "Pending"
    running: "Running"
    completed: "Completed"
    failed: "Failed"

Constraint: LocalizableString only works in ViewModels encoded with localizingEncoder(). Do not use in Fluent JSONB fields or other persisted types.

Child ViewModels

Top-level ViewModels contain their children:

swift
@ViewModel
public struct BoardViewModel: RequestableViewModel {
    public let columns: [ColumnViewModel]
    public let cards: [CardViewModel]
}

The Factory builds all children when building the parent.

Nested Child Types Pattern

When a child type is only used by one parent and represents a summary or reference (not a full ViewModel), nest it inside the parent:

swift
@ViewModel
public struct GovernancePrincipleCardViewModel: Codable, Sendable, Identifiable {
    // Properties come first
    public let versionHistory: [GovernancePrincipleVersionSummary]?
    public let referencingDecisions: [GovernanceDecisionReference]?

    // MARK: - Nested Types

    /// Summary of a principle version for display in version history.
    public struct GovernancePrincipleVersionSummary: Codable, Sendable, Identifiable, Stubbable {
        public let id: ModelIdType
        public let version: Int
        public let createdAt: Date

        public init(id: ModelIdType, version: Int, createdAt: Date) {
            self.id = id
            self.version = version
            self.createdAt = createdAt
        }
    }

    /// Reference to a decision that cites this principle.
    public struct GovernanceDecisionReference: Codable, Sendable, Identifiable, Stubbable {
        public let id: ModelIdType
        public let title: String
        public let decisionNumber: String
        public let createdAt: Date

        public init(id: ModelIdType, title: String, decisionNumber: String, createdAt: Date) {
            self.id = id
            self.title = title
            self.decisionNumber = decisionNumber
            self.createdAt = createdAt
        }
    }

    // vmId and parent init follow
    public let vmId: ViewModelId
    // ...
}

Reference: Sources/KairosModels/Governance/GovernancePrincipleCardViewModel.swift

Placement rules:

1. Nested types go AFTER the properties that reference them
2. Before vmId and the parent's init
3. Use // MARK: - Nested Types section marker
4. Each nested type gets its own doc comment

Conformances for nested types:

• Codable - for ViewModel encoding
• Sendable - for Swift 6 concurrency
• Identifiable - for SwiftUI ForEach if used in arrays
• Stubbable - for testing/previews

Two-Tier Stubbable Pattern:

Nested types use fully qualified names in their extensions:

swift
public extension GovernancePrincipleCardViewModel.GovernancePrincipleVersionSummary {
    // Tier 1: Zero-arg convenience (ALWAYS delegates to tier 2)
    static func stub() -> Self {
        .stub(id: .init())
    }

    // Tier 2: Full parameterized with defaults
    static func stub(
        id: ModelIdType = .init(),
        version: Int = 1,
        createdAt: Date = .now
    ) -> Self {
        .init(id: id, version: version, createdAt: createdAt)
    }
}

public extension GovernancePrincipleCardViewModel.GovernanceDecisionReference {
    static func stub() -> Self {
        .stub(id: .init())
    }

    static func stub(
        id: ModelIdType = .init(),
        title: String = "A Title",
        decisionNumber: String = "DEC-12345",
        createdAt: Date = .now
    ) -> Self {
        .init(id: id, title: title, decisionNumber: decisionNumber, createdAt: createdAt)
    }
}

Why two tiers:

• Tests often just need [.stub()] without caring about values
• Other tests need specific values: .stub(name: "Specific Name")
• Zero-arg ALWAYS calls parameterized version (single source of truth)

When to nest vs keep top-level:

| Nest Inside Parent | Keep Top-Level | |-------------------|----------------| | Child is ONLY used by this parent | Child is shared across multiple parents | | Child represents subset/summary | Child is a full ViewModel | | Child has no @ViewModel macro | Child has @ViewModel macro | | Child is not RequestableViewModel | Child is RequestableViewModel | | Example: VersionSummary, Reference | Example: CardViewModel, ListViewModel |

Examples:

Card with nested summaries:

swift
@ViewModel
public struct TaskCardViewModel {
    public let assignees: [AssigneeSummary]?

    public struct AssigneeSummary: Codable, Sendable, Identifiable, Stubbable {
        public let id: ModelIdType
        public let name: String
        public let avatarUrl: String?
        // ...
    }
}

List with nested references:

swift
@ViewModel
public struct ProjectListViewModel {
    public let relatedProjects: [ProjectReference]?

    public struct ProjectReference: Codable, Sendable, Identifiable, Stubbable {
        public let id: ModelIdType
        public let title: String
        public let status: String
        // ...
    }
}

Codable and Computed Properties

Swift's synthesized Codable only encodes stored properties. Since ViewModels are serialized (for JSON transport, Leaf rendering, etc.), computed properties won't be available.

swift
// Computed - NOT encoded, invisible after serialization
public var hasCards: Bool { !cards.isEmpty }

// Stored - encoded, available after serialization
public let hasCards: Bool

When to pre-compute:

For Leaf templates, you can often use Leaf's built-in functions directly:

• #if(count(cards) > 0) - no need for hasCards property
• #count(cards) - no need for cardCount property

Pre-compute only when:

• Direct array subscripts needed (firstCard - array indexing not documented in Leaf)
• Complex logic that's cleaner in Swift than in template
• Performance-sensitive repeated calculations

See fosmvvm-leaf-view-generator for Leaf template patterns.

File Templates

See reference.md for complete file templates.

Naming Conventions

| Concept | Convention | Example | |---------|------------|---------| | ViewModel struct | {Name}ViewModel | DashboardViewModel | | Request class | {Name}Request | DashboardRequest | | Factory extension | {Name}ViewModel+Factory.swift | DashboardViewModel+Factory.swift | | YAML file | {Name}ViewModel.yml | DashboardViewModel.yml |

See Also

• Architecture Patterns - Mental models (errors are data, type safety, etc.)
• FOSMVVMArchitecture.md - Full FOSMVVM architecture
• fosmvvm-fields-generator - For form validation
• fosmvvm-fluent-datamodel-generator - For Fluent persistence layer
• fosmvvm-leaf-view-generator - For Leaf templates that render ViewModels
• reference.md - Complete file templates

Version History

| Version | Date | Changes | |---------|------|---------| | 1.0 | 2024-12-24 | Initial skill | | 2.0 | 2024-12-26 | Complete rewrite from architecture; generalized from Kairos-specific | | 2.1 | 2024-12-26 | Added Client-Hosted mode support; per-ViewModel hosting decision | | 2.2 | 2024-12-26 | Added shaping responsibility, @LocalizedSubs/@LocalizedCompoundString, anti-pattern | | 2.3 | 2025-12-27 | Added Display vs Form ViewModels section; clarified Fields adoption | | 2.4 | 2026-01-08 | Added Codable/computed properties section. Clarified when to pre-compute vs use Leaf built-ins. | | 2.5 | 2026-01-19 | Added Enum Localization Pattern section. Clarified @LocalizedString is for static text only; stored LocalizableString for dynamic enum values. | | 2.6 | 2026-01-24 | Update to context-aware approach (remove file-parsing/Q&A). Skill references conversation context instead of asking questions or accepting file paths. | | 2.7 | 2026-01-25 | Added Nested Child Types Pattern section with two-tier Stubbable pattern, placement rules, conformances, and decision criteria for when to nest vs keep top-level. |