GitHub Actions Runtime Upgrade Conventions

Use this skill when editing GitHub Actions workflows to address deprecation warnings about action runtimes (for example Node.js runtime migrations).

Use This Skill When

• Workflow logs report an action is running on a deprecated runtime.
• You are upgrading action versions in .github/workflows/*.yml or .github/workflows/*.yaml.
• You need to keep existing workflow behavior while modernizing action dependencies.

Upgrade Rules

• Prefer upgrading to the latest stable major version of each action that is compatible with the workflow.
• Prefer immutable pins: resolve the target release to a full commit SHA and use that SHA in uses:.
• Do not pin to mutable tags or branches (for example @v4 or @main) in final recommendations.
• Upgrade one action at a time per commit (or one tightly related group) so failures are easy to isolate.
• Keep existing workflow behavior unchanged while upgrading runtime/dependency actions.

Actions We Track in This Repo

Prioritize runtime review for these groups when warnings appear:

• Any first-party action under actions/*
• Especially setup actions under actions/setup-* (for example setup-node, setup-python, setup-dotnet)
• Any other action explicitly named by the runtime deprecation warning in workflow logs

Pinning Pattern

yaml
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.3.1
  - uses: actions/setup-node@60edb5dd545a775178f52524783378180af0d1f8 # v4.0.4

When recommending upgrades, identify the latest compatible release first, then use the corresponding commit SHA with an optional version comment.

Verification Checklist

After changing action versions:

1. Ensure all edited workflows still parse and keep the same triggers/permissions unless intentionally changed.
2. Run the affected workflows (or equivalent local build/test commands) and confirm the upgraded steps complete successfully.
3. Confirm release/signing/artifact steps still produce expected outputs where applicable.
4. Check workflow run logs for any new deprecation warnings or runtime migration notes.

PR Notes

Include in the PR summary:

• Which actions were upgraded (from -> to).
• Whether any action could not move to a new major and why.
• Which workflows were re-run to validate the change.

How This Complements Dependabot

Dependabot can automate many updates, but this skill still helps when:

• Dependabot is not enabled for workflows in a repository.
• Runtime warnings appear before an automated update is available.
• A workflow needs behavior-preserving validation after the action bump.