Pester Migration

Pester is the test framework for PowerShell. Test files end in *.Tests.ps1 and use Describe / Context / It blocks with Should assertions. This skill upgrades an existing suite from one major Pester version to the next and gets it green again.

> Mental model: each major jump has a different character. v3→v4 is mostly a syntax > rename. v4→v5 is a fundamental runtime change (the Discovery/Run split) and is the hard > one. v5→v6 is largely backwards-compatible — a handful of previously-deprecated things now > throw. Migrate one major at a time; never skip a version.

Detailed, symptom-driven guides live in references/ — load the one(s) for the jump you are doing.

References

| Reference | When to load | |---|---| | v3-to-v4.md | Should Be → Should -Be, Contain → FileContentMatch, Assert-VerifiableMocks → Assert-VerifiableMock, array-assertion edge cases. | | v4-to-v5.md | The big one. Discovery/Run phases, BeforeAll setup, $PSScriptRoot, BeforeDiscovery, -ForEach, mock scoping, Should -Throw wildcards, Invoke-Pester → New-PesterConfiguration. | | v5-to-v6.md | PowerShell 5.1/7.4+ only, per-file discovery+run, empty -ForEach throws, duplicate setup blocks throw, name <...> templates evaluate, Assert-MockCalled removed, mocks no longer fall through, code-coverage tracer, legacy Invoke-Pester params removed. |

Canonical source: the official migration guides at https://pester.dev/docs/migrations/ — this skill mirrors them. When in doubt, prefer the website.

Step 0 — Detect where you are and where you're going

Find the installed version(s) and the version the tests were written for. These can differ.

powershell
# Installed Pester version(s) on this machine
Get-Module Pester -ListAvailable | Select-Object Name, Version, Path

# Version currently imported in the session
(Get-Module Pester).Version

Tell the source version from the test code with these heuristics:

| You see in *.Tests.ps1 / build scripts | Suite was written for | |---|---| | Should Be / Should Contain (no dash) | v3 or earlier → start at v3-to-v4 | | $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path + dot-source at the top of the file; arbitrary code directly under Describe | v4 → v4-to-v5 | | Assert-MockCalled, Assert-VerifiableMock, Set-ItResult -Pending | v4 / early-v5 (these are removed in v6) | | Invoke-Pester -Script … -OutputFile … -CodeCoverage … (legacy params) | v4 invocation → map to config | | BeforeAll { . $PSScriptRoot/… }, New-PesterConfiguration, Should -Invoke | already v5-style → v5-to-v6 |

Install the target version when ready:

powershell
# Latest stable v5 — pin the major to avoid installing Pester 6
Install-Module Pester -MaximumVersion 5.99.99 -Force

# Pester 6
Install-Module Pester -Force

> On Windows PowerShell 5.1 the OS ships a Microsoft-signed built-in Pester 3 that PowerShellGet > won't overwrite with the differently-signed newer Pester — add -SkipPublisherCheck there to > install side-by-side. Not needed on PowerShell 7+. See > https://pester.dev/docs/introduction/installation.

Migration workflow

Run this loop for each major jump. Do not jump two majors at once — go v4→v5, then v5→v6.

1. Baseline. Run the suite on the current version first and record pass/fail. You need a

known-good (or known) starting point so you can tell migration regressions apart from pre-existing failures. powershell # Bare Invoke-Pester works on every major; exact parameters differ # (v3/v4: -Script/-OutputFile; v5+/v6: -Path/-Output). Invoke-Pester

1. Read the reference for this jump (table above) so you know the full scope before editing.
2. Edit file by file. Apply the mechanical changes (see per-jump cheat sheets below and in the

reference). Keep changes small and reviewable — one file or one concern at a time.

1. Switch versions with Install-Module (Step 0), then re-import: Remove-Module Pester;

Import-Module Pester (or start a fresh session).

1. Run and fix. Re-run with -Output Detailed; use -Output Diagnostic (v4→v5) or read the

explicit v6 error messages to locate problems. Match each failure to the symptom → fix tables in the reference.

1. Green, diff, commit. Re-run until the result matches the baseline (or better). Review the

diff, then commit. Migrating in small commits makes regressions trivial to bisect.

What actually changes (scope per jump)

| Jump | Difficulty | Nature | |---|---|---| | v3 → v4 | Low | Assertion-syntax rename (Should -Be). Largely script-automatable. | | v4 → v5 | High | New two-phase runtime. Test structure changes: setup must move into BeforeAll, discovery-time code into BeforeDiscovery, file location via $PSScriptRoot. Not a pure find-replace. | | v5 → v6 | Low–Medium | Backwards-compatible runtime; deprecated features now throw. Mostly small, targeted fixes. Your Should -Be assertions keep working unchanged. |

Quick cheat sheets

v4 → v5 (most common fixes)

powershell
# 1. Move file import into BeforeAll, use $PSScriptRoot (NOT $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path)
# BEFORE
$here = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path
. "$here\Get-Thing.ps1"
# AFTER
BeforeAll { . $PSScriptRoot/Get-Thing.ps1 }

# 2. Any code that DISCOVERS/generates tests must be in BeforeDiscovery
BeforeDiscovery { $cases = Get-Content $PSScriptRoot/cases.json | ConvertFrom-Json }

# 3. Should -Throw matches with -like wildcards, not .Contains
{ throw 'a long message' } | Should -Throw '*long*'

# 4. Invoke-Pester legacy params → New-PesterConfiguration (see reference for full map)

Full details, scoping rules, and the parameter→config table: references/v4-to-v5.md.

v5 → v6 (most common fixes)

powershell
# 1. Mock assertions: removed verbs — rename (old -> new):
#    Assert-MockCalled     -> Should -Invoke
#    Assert-VerifiableMock -> Should -InvokeVerifiable
Should -Invoke Get-Thing -Times 1 -Exactly
Should -InvokeVerifiable

# 2. Add a default mock — unmatched calls no longer run the real command
Mock Get-Thing { 'default' }
Mock Get-Thing -ParameterFilter { $Name -eq 'a' } -MockWith { 'a' }

# 3. Empty/$null -ForEach now throws; allow it only where empty is expected
Describe 'Optional' -ForEach $cases -AllowNullOrEmptyForEach { }

# 4. Combine duplicate BeforeAll/BeforeEach/AfterAll/AfterEach in the same block into one

Full breaking-change list with symptoms and fixes: references/v5-to-v6.md.

Safety rules

• Tests are the spec. Migration must not change what a test asserts — only how the suite is

structured and invoked. If a test starts passing/failing differently for any reason other than a documented breaking change, investigate before accepting it.

• Automated migration scripts produce false positives. The community scripts (linked in the

references) help with Should syntax and dot-sourcing, but always review the diff and re-run the suite afterward. Never bulk-edit and commit unchecked.

• Mind file encoding when scripting replacements over *.Tests.ps1 — preserve the original

encoding (UTF-8 vs ASCII) so you don't mangle non-ASCII test names.

• Work on a branch, commit per file/concern. Small commits keep git bisect useful if a

migrated test goes red later.