Creating Kubernetes Deployments

Generate production-ready Kubernetes manifests with health checks, resource limits, and security best practices.

Quick Start

Basic Deployment + Service

yaml
# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-api
  labels:
    app: my-api
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-api
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-api
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-api
        image: my-registry/my-api:v1.0.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080  # 8080: HTTP proxy port
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 256Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 512Mi
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080  # HTTP proxy port
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /readyz
            port: 8080  # HTTP proxy port
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-api
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: my-api
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080  # HTTP proxy port

Deployment Strategies

| Strategy | Use Case | Configuration | |----------|----------|---------------| | RollingUpdate | Zero-downtime updates | maxSurge: 25%, maxUnavailable: 25% | | Recreate | Stateful apps, incompatible versions | type: Recreate | | Blue-Green | Instant rollback | Two deployments, switch Service selector | | Canary | Gradual rollout | Multiple deployments with weighted traffic |

Blue-Green Deployment

yaml
# Blue deployment (current production)
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-api-blue
  labels:
    app: my-api
    version: blue
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-api
      version: blue
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-api
        version: blue
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-api
        image: my-registry/my-api:v1.0.0
---
# Service points to blue
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-api
spec:
  selector:
    app: my-api
    version: blue  # Switch to 'green' for deployment
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080  # 8080: HTTP proxy port

Service Types

| Type | Use Case | Access | |------|----------|--------| | ClusterIP | Internal services | my-api.namespace.svc.cluster.local | | NodePort | Development, debugging | <NodeIP>:<NodePort> | | LoadBalancer | External traffic (cloud) | Cloud provider LB IP | | ExternalName | External service proxy | DNS CNAME |

Ingress with TLS

yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-api-ingress
  annotations:
    cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - api.example.com
    secretName: api-tls-secret
  rules:
  - host: api.example.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: my-api
            port:
              number: 80

Resource Limits

Always set resource requests and limits:

yaml
resources:
  requests:    # Guaranteed resources
    cpu: 100m  # 0.1 CPU core
    memory: 256Mi
  limits:      # Maximum allowed
    cpu: 500m  # 0.5 CPU core
    memory: 512Mi

| Workload Type | CPU Request | Memory Request | CPU Limit | Memory Limit | |---------------|-------------|----------------|-----------|--------------| | Web API | 100m-500m | 256Mi-512Mi | 500m-1000m | 512Mi-1Gi | | Worker | 250m-1000m | 512Mi-1Gi | 1000m-2000m | 1Gi-2Gi | | Database | 500m-2000m | 1Gi-4Gi | 2000m-4000m | 4Gi-8Gi |

Health Checks

Liveness Probe (Is container running?)

yaml
livenessProbe:
  httpGet:
    path: /healthz
    port: 8080  # 8080: HTTP proxy port
  initialDelaySeconds: 30  # Wait for app startup
  periodSeconds: 10         # Check every 10s
  timeoutSeconds: 5         # Timeout per check
  failureThreshold: 3       # Restart after 3 failures

Readiness Probe (Ready for traffic?)

yaml
readinessProbe:
  httpGet:
    path: /readyz
    port: 8080  # 8080: HTTP proxy port
  initialDelaySeconds: 5    # Quick check after start
  periodSeconds: 5          # Check every 5s
  successThreshold: 1       # 1 success = ready
  failureThreshold: 3       # Remove from LB after 3 failures

Startup Probe (Slow-starting apps)

yaml
startupProbe:
  httpGet:
    path: /healthz
    port: 8080  # 8080: HTTP proxy port
  initialDelaySeconds: 0
  periodSeconds: 10
  failureThreshold: 30      # Allow 5 minutes to start (30 * 10s)

Horizontal Pod Autoscaler

yaml
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: my-api-hpa
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: my-api
  minReplicas: 2
  maxReplicas: 10
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 70
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: memory
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80
  behavior:
    scaleDown:
      stabilizationWindowSeconds: 300  # 300: Wait 5min before scale down

ConfigMaps and Secrets

ConfigMap (Non-sensitive config)

yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: my-api-config
data:
  LOG_LEVEL: "info"
  API_ENDPOINT: "https://api.example.com"
  config.yaml: |
    server:
      port: 8080  # 8080: HTTP proxy port
    features:
      enabled: true

Secret (Sensitive data - base64 encoded)

yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: my-api-secrets
type: Opaque
data:
  API_KEY: YXBpLWtleS1oZXJl          # echo -n "api-key-here" | base64
  DATABASE_URL: cG9zdGdyZXM6Ly8uLi4=  # echo -n "postgres://..." | base64

Using in Deployment

yaml
spec:
  containers:
  - name: my-api
    envFrom:
    - configMapRef:
        name: my-api-config
    - secretRef:
        name: my-api-secrets
    volumeMounts:
    - name: config-volume
      mountPath: /app/config
  volumes:
  - name: config-volume
    configMap:
      name: my-api-config

Instructions

1. Gather Requirements

• Application name, container image, port
• Replica count and resource requirements
• Health check endpoints
• External access requirements (Ingress/LoadBalancer)

1. Generate Base Manifests

• Create Deployment with resource limits and probes
• Create Service (ClusterIP for internal, LoadBalancer for external)
• Add ConfigMap for configuration
• Add Secret for sensitive data

1. Add Production Features

• Configure Ingress with TLS if external access needed
• Add HPA for auto-scaling
• Add NetworkPolicy for security
• Add PodDisruptionBudget for availability

1. Validate and Apply

bash # Validate manifests kubectl apply -f manifests/ --dry-run=server

# Apply to cluster kubectl apply -f manifests/

# Watch rollout kubectl rollout status deployment/my-api

Error Handling

See ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/references/errors.md for comprehensive troubleshooting.

| Error | Quick Fix | |-------|-----------| | ImagePullBackOff | Check image name, tag, registry credentials | | CrashLoopBackOff | Check logs: kubectl logs <pod> | | OOMKilled | Increase memory limits | | Pending | Check resources: kubectl describe pod <pod> |

Examples

See ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/references/examples.md for detailed walkthroughs.

Resources

• Kubernetes documentation: https://kubernetes.io/docs/
• kubectl reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/
• Templates in ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/assets/
• Scripts in ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/scripts/

Overview

Deploy applications to Kubernetes with production-ready manifests.

Prerequisites

• Access to the Kubernetes environment or API
• Required CLI tools installed and authenticated
• Familiarity with Kubernetes concepts and terminology

Output

• Configuration files or code changes applied to the project
• Validation report confirming correct implementation
• Summary of changes made and their rationale

See Kubernetes implementation details for output format specifications.