Azure Tables SDK for Python

NoSQL key-value store for structured data (Azure Storage Tables or Cosmos DB Table API).

Installation

bash
pip install azure-data-tables azure-identity

Environment Variables

bash
# Azure Storage Tables
AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_URL=https://<account>.table.core.windows.net  # Required for Azure Storage Tables

# Cosmos DB Table API
COSMOS_TABLE_ENDPOINT=https://<account>.table.cosmos.azure.com  # Required for Cosmos DB Table API
AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod # Required only if DefaultAzureCredential is used in production

Authentication & Lifecycle

> 🔑 Two rules apply to every code sample below: > > 1. Prefer DefaultAzureCredential. It works locally (Azure CLI / VS Code / Developer CLI) and in Azure (managed identity, workload identity) with no code change. Avoid connection strings, account/API keys — they bypass Entra audit and rotation. > - Local dev: DefaultAzureCredential works as-is. > - Production: set AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod (or AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=<specific_credential>) to constrain the credential chain to production-safe credentials. > 2. Wrap every client in a context manager so HTTP transports, sockets, and token caches are released deterministically: > - Sync: with <Client>(...) as client: > - Async: async with <Client>(...) as client: and async with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential: (from azure.identity.aio) > > Snippets may abbreviate this setup, but production code should always follow both rules.

python
import os
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, ManagedIdentityCredential
from azure.data.tables import TableServiceClient, TableClient

# Local dev: DefaultAzureCredential. Production: set AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod or AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=<specific_credential>
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(require_envvar=True)
# Or use a specific credential directly in production:
# See https://learn.microsoft.com/python/api/overview/azure/identity-readme?view=azure-python#credential-classes
# credential = ManagedIdentityCredential()

endpoint = "https://<account>.table.core.windows.net"

# Service client (manage tables)
with TableServiceClient(endpoint=endpoint, credential=credential) as service_client:
    # Use service_client here (see following sections for operations)
    ...

# Table client (work with entities)
with TableClient(endpoint=endpoint, table_name="mytable", credential=credential) as table_client:
    # Use table_client here (see following sections for operations)
    ...

Client Types

| Client | Purpose | |--------|---------| | TableServiceClient | Create/delete tables, list tables | | TableClient | Entity CRUD, queries |

Table Operations

python
# Create table
service_client.create_table("mytable")

# Create if not exists
service_client.create_table_if_not_exists("mytable")

# Delete table
service_client.delete_table("mytable")

# List tables
for table in service_client.list_tables():
    print(table.name)

# Get table client
table_client = service_client.get_table_client("mytable")

Entity Operations

Important: Every entity requires PartitionKey and RowKey (together form unique ID).

Create Entity

python
entity = {
    "PartitionKey": "sales",
    "RowKey": "order-001",
    "product": "Widget",
    "quantity": 5,
    "price": 9.99,
    "shipped": False
}

# Create (fails if exists)
table_client.create_entity(entity=entity)

# Upsert (create or replace)
table_client.upsert_entity(entity=entity)

Get Entity

python
# Get by key (fastest)
entity = table_client.get_entity(
    partition_key="sales",
    row_key="order-001"
)
print(f"Product: {entity['product']}")

Update Entity

python
# Replace entire entity
entity["quantity"] = 10
table_client.update_entity(entity=entity, mode="replace")

# Merge (update specific fields only)
update = {
    "PartitionKey": "sales",
    "RowKey": "order-001",
    "shipped": True
}
table_client.update_entity(entity=update, mode="merge")

Delete Entity

python
table_client.delete_entity(
    partition_key="sales",
    row_key="order-001"
)

Query Entities

Query Within Partition

python
# Query by partition (efficient)
entities = table_client.query_entities(
    query_filter="PartitionKey eq 'sales'"
)
for entity in entities:
    print(entity)

Query with Filters

python
# Filter by properties
entities = table_client.query_entities(
    query_filter="PartitionKey eq 'sales' and quantity gt 3"
)

# With parameters (safer)
entities = table_client.query_entities(
    query_filter="PartitionKey eq @pk and price lt @max_price",
    parameters={"pk": "sales", "max_price": 50.0}
)

Select Specific Properties

python
entities = table_client.query_entities(
    query_filter="PartitionKey eq 'sales'",
    select=["RowKey", "product", "price"]
)

List All Entities

python
# List all (cross-partition - use sparingly)
for entity in table_client.list_entities():
    print(entity)

Batch Operations

python
from azure.data.tables import TableTransactionError

# Batch operations (same partition only!)
operations = [
    ("create", {"PartitionKey": "batch", "RowKey": "1", "data": "first"}),
    ("create", {"PartitionKey": "batch", "RowKey": "2", "data": "second"}),
    ("upsert", {"PartitionKey": "batch", "RowKey": "3", "data": "third"}),
]

try:
    table_client.submit_transaction(operations)
except TableTransactionError as e:
    print(f"Transaction failed: {e}")

Async Client

python
from azure.data.tables.aio import TableServiceClient, TableClient
from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential

async def table_operations():
    async with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential:
        async with TableClient(
            endpoint="https://<account>.table.core.windows.net",
            table_name="mytable",
            credential=credential
        ) as client:
            # Create
            await client.create_entity(entity={
                "PartitionKey": "async",
                "RowKey": "1",
                "data": "test"
            })
            
            # Query
            async for entity in client.query_entities("PartitionKey eq 'async'"):
                print(entity)

import asyncio
asyncio.run(table_operations())

Data Types

| Python Type | Table Storage Type | |-------------|-------------------| | str | String | | int | Int64 | | float | Double | | bool | Boolean | | datetime | DateTime | | bytes | Binary | | UUID | Guid |

Best Practices

1. Pick sync OR async and stay consistent. Do not mix azure.data.tables sync clients with azure.data.tables.aio async clients in the same call path. Choose one mode per module.
2. Always use context managers for clients and async credentials. Wrap every client in with TableClient(...) as client: (sync) or async with TableClient(...) as client: (async). For async DefaultAzureCredential from azure.identity.aio, also use async with credential: so tokens and transports are cleaned up.
3. Use DefaultAzureCredential for portable auth across local dev and Azure (avoid connection strings / API keys when possible).
4. Design partition keys for query patterns and even distribution
5. Query within partitions whenever possible (cross-partition is expensive)
6. Use batch operations for multiple entities in same partition
7. Use upsert_entity for idempotent writes
8. Use parameterized queries to prevent injection
9. Keep entities small — max 1MB per entity
10. Use async client for high-throughput scenarios

Reference Files

| File | Contents | |------|----------| | references/capabilities.md | Additional non-hero capabilities, operation-group coverage, and production checklists. | | references/non-hero-scenarios.md | Dedicated non-hero examples for secondary/advanced scenarios. |