Azure Identity library for Python

Authentication library for Azure SDK clients using Microsoft Entra ID.

Use this skill when:

• An app needs to authenticate to Azure services from Python
• You need DefaultAzureCredential for local dev + Azure deployment
• You need ManagedIdentityCredential for Azure-hosted workloads
• You need service principal auth with secret or certificate
• You need direct token acquisition with get_token()
• You need to troubleshoot credential chain failures

Installation

bash
pip install azure-identity

For VS Code or broker-based desktop auth:

bash
pip install azure-identity-broker

Python Version

azure-identity supports Python 3.9+.

Environment Variables

bash
# Service principal with client secret
AZURE_TENANT_ID=<your-tenant-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<your-client-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=<your-client-secret>

# Service principal with certificate
AZURE_TENANT_ID=<your-tenant-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<your-client-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PATH=/path/to/cert.pem
AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD=<optional-password>

# Authority (sovereign clouds)
AZURE_AUTHORITY_HOST=login.microsoftonline.com  # Default; or login.chinacloudapi.cn, login.microsoftonline.us

# User-assigned managed identity
AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<managed-identity-client-id>

# Credential selection (new)
AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=dev|prod|<credential-name>  # Optional, restricts DAC chain

Authentication & Lifecycle

> 🔑 Two rules apply to every code sample below: > > 1. Prefer DefaultAzureCredential. It works locally (Azure CLI / VS Code / Developer CLI) and in Azure (managed identity, workload identity) with no code change. Avoid connection strings, account/API keys — they bypass Entra audit and rotation. > - Local dev: DefaultAzureCredential works as-is. > - Production: set AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod (or AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=<specific_credential>) to constrain the credential chain to production-safe credentials. > 2. Wrap credentials and clients in context managers when they own token caches / transports: > - Sync: with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential: > - Async: async with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential: (from azure.identity.aio) > > Snippets may abbreviate this setup, but production code should always follow both rules.

DefaultAzureCredential

The recommended credential for most scenarios. Tries multiple authentication methods in order:

python
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.storage.blob import BlobServiceClient

# Works in local dev AND production without code changes
credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

with BlobServiceClient(
    account_url="https://<account>.blob.core.windows.net",
    credential=credential
) as client:
    containers = list(client.list_containers())

Credential Chain Order

See DefaultAzureCredential overview for the current credential chain order and defaults.

Customizing DefaultAzureCredential

python
# Exclude credentials you don't need
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(
    exclude_environment_credential=True,
    exclude_shared_token_cache_credential=True,
    managed_identity_client_id="<user-assigned-mi-client-id>"  # For user-assigned MI (also accepts object ID or resource ID)
)

# Enable interactive browser (disabled by default)
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(
    exclude_interactive_browser_credential=False
)

# Set subprocess timeout for CLI-based credentials (default: 10s)
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(process_timeout=30)

# Require AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS env var to be set
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(require_envvar=True)

Exclude Parameters

| Parameter | Default | Effect | |-----------|---------|--------| | exclude_environment_credential | False | Skip env-var-based auth | | exclude_workload_identity_credential | False | Skip Kubernetes workload identity | | exclude_managed_identity_credential | False | Skip managed identity | | exclude_shared_token_cache_credential | False | Skip shared token cache | | exclude_visual_studio_code_credential | False | Skip VS Code credential | | exclude_cli_credential | False | Skip Azure CLI | | exclude_powershell_credential | False | Skip Azure PowerShell | | exclude_developer_cli_credential | False | Skip Azure Developer CLI | | exclude_interactive_browser_credential | True | Skip interactive browser | | exclude_broker_credential | False | Skip WAM broker |

get_bearer_token_provider

Helper that wraps a credential into a callable returning a bearer token string. Essential for OpenAI SDK and other non-Azure-SDK clients:

python
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, get_bearer_token_provider

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
token_provider = get_bearer_token_provider(
    credential, "https://cognitiveservices.azure.com/.default"
)

# Use with OpenAI SDK
from openai import AzureOpenAI

with AzureOpenAI(
    azure_endpoint="https://<resource>.openai.azure.com/",
    azure_ad_token_provider=token_provider,
    api_version="2024-10-21",
) as client:
    # response = client.chat.completions.create(...)
    ...

Credential Types

Credential Chains

| Credential | Use Case | |------------|----------| | DefaultAzureCredential | Most scenarios — auto-detects environment | | ChainedTokenCredential | Custom credential chain with explicit ordering |

Azure-Hosted Applications

| Credential | Use Case | |------------|----------| | EnvironmentCredential | Auth via AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET / AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PATH env vars | | ManagedIdentityCredential | Azure VMs, App Service, Functions, AKS, Arc, Service Fabric | | WorkloadIdentityCredential | Kubernetes with Microsoft Entra Workload ID |

Service Principals

| Credential | Use Case | |------------|----------| | ClientSecretCredential | Service principal with client secret | | CertificateCredential | Service principal with PEM/PKCS12 certificate | | ClientAssertionCredential | Service principal with signed JWT assertion | | AzurePipelinesCredential | Azure Pipelines with workload identity federation | | OnBehalfOfCredential | Middle-tier on-behalf-of flow (delegated user identity) |

User Authentication

| Credential | Use Case | |------------|----------| | InteractiveBrowserCredential | Interactive browser OAuth sign-in | | DeviceCodeCredential | Headless/SSH device code flow | | AuthorizationCodeCredential | Previously obtained authorization code |

Developer Tools

| Credential | Use Case | |------------|----------| | AzureCliCredential | az login | | AzureDeveloperCliCredential | azd auth login | | AzurePowerShellCredential | Connect-AzAccount | | VisualStudioCodeCredential | VS Code Azure Resources extension |

Specific Credential Examples

ManagedIdentityCredential

For Azure-hosted resources (VMs, App Service, Functions, AKS):

python
from azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential

# System-assigned managed identity
credential = ManagedIdentityCredential()

# User-assigned managed identity (client_id, object_id, or resource_id)
credential = ManagedIdentityCredential(
    client_id="<user-assigned-mi-client-id>"
)
# Also valid:
# credential = ManagedIdentityCredential(object_id="<object-id>")
# credential = ManagedIdentityCredential(resource_id="<resource-id>")

ClientSecretCredential

python
import os
from azure.identity import ClientSecretCredential

credential = ClientSecretCredential(
    tenant_id=os.environ["AZURE_TENANT_ID"],
    client_id=os.environ["AZURE_CLIENT_ID"],
    client_secret=os.environ["AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET"],
)

CertificateCredential

> Note: The class is CertificateCredential, NOT ClientCertificateCredential.

python
from azure.identity import CertificateCredential

# From file path
credential = CertificateCredential(
    tenant_id="<tenant-id>",
    client_id="<client-id>",
    certificate_path="/path/to/cert.pem",
)

# From bytes with password
credential = CertificateCredential(
    tenant_id="<tenant-id>",
    client_id="<client-id>",
    certificate_data=cert_bytes,
    password="<cert-password>",
    send_certificate_chain=True,  # Required for SNI auth
)

AzureCliCredential

python
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential

credential = AzureCliCredential()
# With tenant restriction
credential = AzureCliCredential(tenant_id="<tenant-id>")

ChainedTokenCredential

Custom credential chain:

python
from azure.identity import (
    ChainedTokenCredential,
    ManagedIdentityCredential,
    AzureCliCredential,
)

# Try managed identity first, fall back to CLI
credential = ChainedTokenCredential(
    ManagedIdentityCredential(client_id="<user-assigned-mi-client-id>"),
    AzureCliCredential(),
)

WorkloadIdentityCredential

For Azure Kubernetes Service with workload identity:

python
from azure.identity import WorkloadIdentityCredential

# Reads from AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_FEDERATED_TOKEN_FILE
credential = WorkloadIdentityCredential()

# Or explicit configuration
credential = WorkloadIdentityCredential(
    tenant_id="<tenant-id>",
    client_id="<client-id>",
    token_file_path="/var/run/secrets/azure/tokens/azure-identity-token",
)

DeviceCodeCredential

For headless devices (IoT, SSH, CLI tools):

python
from azure.identity import DeviceCodeCredential

credential = DeviceCodeCredential()
# Prints device code prompt to stdout by default

# With custom prompt callback
def prompt_callback(verification_uri, user_code, expires_on):
    print(f"Go to {verification_uri} and enter code {user_code}")

credential = DeviceCodeCredential(
    client_id="<client-id>",
    prompt_callback=prompt_callback,
)

InteractiveBrowserCredential

For interactive OAuth browser sign-in:

python
from azure.identity import InteractiveBrowserCredential

credential = InteractiveBrowserCredential()

# With specific tenant and client
credential = InteractiveBrowserCredential(
    tenant_id="<tenant-id>",
    client_id="<client-id>",
)

OnBehalfOfCredential

For middle-tier services propagating user identity:

python
from azure.identity import OnBehalfOfCredential

credential = OnBehalfOfCredential(
    tenant_id="<tenant-id>",
    client_id="<client-id>",
    client_secret="<client-secret>",
    user_assertion="<access-token-from-client>",
)

AzurePipelinesCredential

For Azure DevOps pipelines with workload identity federation:

python
import os
from azure.identity import AzurePipelinesCredential

credential = AzurePipelinesCredential(
    tenant_id="<tenant-id>",
    client_id="<client-id>",
    service_connection_id="<service-connection-id>",
    system_access_token=os.environ["SYSTEM_ACCESSTOKEN"],
)

Getting Tokens Directly

python
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential:
    # Get token for a specific scope
    token = credential.get_token("https://management.azure.com/.default")
    print(f"Token expires: {token.expires_on}")

    # For Azure Database for PostgreSQL
    token = credential.get_token("https://ossrdbms-aad.database.windows.net/.default")

Async Credentials

Async credentials are in azure.identity.aio. Always close them or use async with:

python
from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.storage.blob.aio import BlobServiceClient

async def main():
    # Preferred: use async context manager for both credential and client
    async with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential:
        async with BlobServiceClient(
            account_url="https://<account>.blob.core.windows.net",
            credential=credential,
        ) as client:
            # ... async operations
            pass

> The async get_bearer_token_provider is at azure.identity.aio.get_bearer_token_provider.

Sovereign Clouds

Use AzureAuthorityHosts or the AZURE_AUTHORITY_HOST env var:

python
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, AzureAuthorityHosts

# Azure Government
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_GOVERNMENT)

# Azure China
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA)

| Constant | Authority | |----------|-----------| | AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_PUBLIC_CLOUD | login.microsoftonline.com (default) | | AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_GOVERNMENT | login.microsoftonline.us | | AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA | login.chinacloudapi.cn |

Persistent Token Caching

Opt-in disk-based caching with TokenCachePersistenceOptions:

python
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, TokenCachePersistenceOptions

credential = DefaultAzureCredential(
    cache_persistence_options=TokenCachePersistenceOptions()
)

# Allow unencrypted fallback (NOT recommended for production)
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(
    cache_persistence_options=TokenCachePersistenceOptions(allow_unencrypted_storage=True)
)

Storage: Windows (DPAPI), macOS (Keychain), Linux (Keyring).

Multi-Tenant Support

Allow token acquisition for additional tenants beyond the configured one:

python
from azure.identity import ClientSecretCredential

credential = ClientSecretCredential(
    tenant_id="<home-tenant>",
    client_id="<client-id>",
    client_secret="<secret>",
    additionally_allowed_tenants=["<other-tenant>", "*"],  # "*" allows any tenant
)

Error Handling

python
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, CredentialUnavailableError
from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError

with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential:
    try:
        token = credential.get_token("https://management.azure.com/.default")
    except CredentialUnavailableError:
        # No credential in the chain could attempt authentication
        pass
    except ClientAuthenticationError as e:
        # Authentication was attempted but failed
        # e.message contains details from each credential in the chain
        pass

Logging

Enable authentication logging for debugging:

python
import logging

# Enable verbose Azure Identity logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger("azure.identity")
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

bash
# Or via environment variable
AZURE_LOG_LEVEL=debug

Credential Selection Matrix

| Environment | Recommended Credential | |-------------|------------------------| | Local Development | DefaultAzureCredential (uses Azure CLI) | | Azure App Service | DefaultAzureCredential (uses Managed Identity) | | Azure Functions | DefaultAzureCredential (uses Managed Identity) | | Azure Kubernetes Service | WorkloadIdentityCredential | | Azure VMs | DefaultAzureCredential (uses Managed Identity) | | CI/CD Pipeline | EnvironmentCredential or AzurePipelinesCredential | | Desktop App | InteractiveBrowserCredential | | CLI / Headless Tool | DeviceCodeCredential | | Middle-tier Service | OnBehalfOfCredential |

Best Practices

1. Pick sync OR async and stay consistent. Do not mix azure.xxx sync clients with azure.xxx.aio async clients in the same call path. Choose one mode per module.
2. Use credentials as context managers (with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential:) when they own token caches / HTTP transports you want cleaned up; for async, use async with on credentials from azure.identity.aio.
3. Use DefaultAzureCredential for code that runs locally. Use a specific token credential for code that runs in Azure.
4. Never hardcode credentials — use environment variables or managed identity
5. Prefer managed identity in production Azure deployments
6. Use get_bearer_token_provider for non-Azure-SDK clients (OpenAI, REST APIs)
7. Use ChainedTokenCredential when you need a custom credential order
8. Set AZURE_CLIENT_ID for user-assigned managed identities (object ID and resource ID are also valid identifiers)
9. Exclude unused credentials to speed up DefaultAzureCredential authentication
10. Use CertificateCredential (not ClientCertificateCredential — that name doesn't exist)
11. Enable cache_persistence_options for long-running services to reduce token requests
12. Reuse credential instances — same credential can be shared across multiple clients

Reference Links

| Resource | URL | |----------|-----| | PyPI Package | https://pypi.org/project/azure-identity/ | | API Reference | https://learn.microsoft.com/python/api/azure-identity | | GitHub Source | https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/tree/main/sdk/identity/azure-identity | | Credential Chains | https://aka.ms/azsdk/python/identity/credential-chains |

Reference Files

| File | Contents | |------|----------| | references/capabilities.md | Additional non-hero capabilities, operation-group coverage, and production checklists. | | references/non-hero-scenarios.md | Dedicated non-hero examples for secondary/advanced scenarios. |