n8n Workflows

n8n MCP Server Kurulumu

NPM Kurulum

bash
npm install -g n8n
n8n start  # http://localhost:5678

Docker Kurulum

bash
docker run -d \
  --name n8n \
  -p 5678:5678 \
  -v n8n_data:/home/node/.n8n \
  -e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true \
  -e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin \
  -e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=<strong-password> \
  n8nio/n8n

MCP Server Config

json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "n8n": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@anthropic/n8n-mcp-server"],
      "env": {
        "N8N_API_URL": "http://localhost:5678/api/v1",
        "N8N_API_KEY": "<n8n-api-key>"
      }
    }
  }
}

API Key Olusturma

n8n UI > Settings > API > Create API Key
Scope: workflow:read, workflow:write, execution:read

Workflow Olusturma

Temel Yapi

json
{
  "name": "My Workflow",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
      "position": [250, 300],
      "parameters": {
        "path": "my-webhook",
        "httpMethod": "POST"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Process",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.function",
      "position": [450, 300],
      "parameters": {
        "functionCode": "return items.map(item => ({ json: { processed: true, ...item.json } }));"
      }
    }
  ],
  "connections": {
    "Trigger": {
      "main": [[{ "node": "Process", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]]
    }
  }
}

MCP ile Workflow Olustur

n8n.create_workflow({
  name: "Deploy Notification",
  nodes: [...],
  connections: {...},
  active: true
})

Workflow Listele

n8n.list_workflows({
  active: true,
  tags: ["production"]
})

Workflow Calistir

n8n.execute_workflow({
  workflow_id: "123",
  data: {
    environment: "production",
    version: "v1.2.3"
  }
})

Trigger Tipleri

Webhook Trigger

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
  "parameters": {
    "path": "deploy-hook",
    "httpMethod": "POST",
    "authentication": "headerAuth",
    "options": {
      "responseMode": "responseNode",
      "responseCode": 200
    }
  }
}

Cron Trigger

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.cron",
  "parameters": {
    "triggerTimes": {
      "item": [
        { "mode": "everyDay", "hour": 9, "minute": 0 },
        { "mode": "custom", "cronExpression": "0 */6 * * *" }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Event Trigger'lar

| Trigger | Kaynak | Kullanim | |---------|--------|----------| | Webhook | Dis sistem | GitHub push, Stripe payment | | Cron | Zamanlama | Gunluk rapor, cleanup | | Email (IMAP) | Email | Support ticket olusturma | | RSS | Feed | Icerik izleme | | Telegram | Bot mesaj | Komut isleme | | GitHub | Repo event | CI/CD tetikleme | | Slack | Mesaj/mention | Team notification | | Database | Row change | Data sync |

Poll Trigger

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.pollTrigger",
  "parameters": {
    "pollTimes": {
      "item": [{ "mode": "everyMinute", "minute": 5 }]
    },
    "url": "https://api.example.com/status"
  }
}

Node Tipleri ve Kullanimi

HTTP Request

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
  "parameters": {
    "url": "https://api.example.com/data",
    "method": "POST",
    "authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
    "nodeCredentialType": "httpHeaderAuth",
    "sendBody": true,
    "bodyParameters": {
      "parameters": [
        { "name": "key", "value": "={{ $json.value }}" }
      ]
    },
    "options": {
      "timeout": 10000,
      "retry": { "maxRetries": 3, "retryInterval": 1000 }
    }
  }
}

Function Node (JavaScript)

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.function",
  "parameters": {
    "functionCode": "const results = [];\nfor (const item of items) {\n  const data = item.json;\n  results.push({\n    json: {\n      name: data.name.toUpperCase(),\n      processed_at: new Date().toISOString()\n    }\n  });\n}\nreturn results;"
  }
}

IF Node (Kosul)

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
  "parameters": {
    "conditions": {
      "string": [
        {
          "value1": "={{ $json.status }}",
          "operation": "equal",
          "value2": "success"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Switch Node

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.switch",
  "parameters": {
    "dataType": "string",
    "value1": "={{ $json.priority }}",
    "rules": {
      "rules": [
        { "value2": "critical", "output": 0 },
        { "value2": "high", "output": 1 },
        { "value2": "low", "output": 2 }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Merge Node

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.merge",
  "parameters": {
    "mode": "mergeByKey",
    "propertyName1": "id",
    "propertyName2": "userId"
  }
}

Yaygin Node'lar

| Node | Amac | Ornek | |------|------|-------| | HTTP Request | API cagir | REST endpoint | | Function | Kod calistir | Data transform | | IF/Switch | Dallanma | Kosula gore yonlendir | | Set | Data ata | Field ekle/degistir | | Merge | Birlestir | Iki kaynak birlestir | | Split In Batches | Parcala | Rate limiting | | Wait | Bekle | Delay/approval | | Error Trigger | Hata yakala | Hata notification | | Slack | Mesaj gonder | Team bildirim | | Gmail | Email gonder | Notification | | Postgres/MySQL | DB islem | CRUD | | Redis | Cache | Key-value store |

API Entegrasyonu

Credential Yonetimi

n8n UI > Settings > Credentials > New Credential
Tipler: API Key, OAuth2, Basic Auth, Header Auth

// Workflow'da kullanim
"authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
"nodeCredentialType": "slackApi"

REST API Cagirma

json
{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
  "parameters": {
    "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/{{ $json.owner }}/{{ $json.repo }}/pulls",
    "method": "GET",
    "authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
    "nodeCredentialType": "githubApi",
    "options": {
      "response": { "response": { "fullResponse": true } }
    }
  }
}

Pagination Handling

javascript
// Function node: paginated API cagirma
const allResults = [];
let page = 1;
let hasMore = true;

while (hasMore) {
  const response = await this.helpers.httpRequest({
    url: `https://api.example.com/items?page=${page}&per_page=100`,
    method: 'GET',
  });
  allResults.push(...response.data);
  hasMore = response.data.length === 100;
  page++;
}

return allResults.map(item => ({ json: item }));

Error Handling

Try/Catch Pattern

json
{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Try",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "continueOnFail": true,
      "parameters": { "url": "https://api.example.com/data" }
    },
    {
      "name": "Check Error",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
      "parameters": {
        "conditions": {
          "boolean": [
            { "value1": "={{ $json.error }}", "value2": true }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Error Handler",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
      "parameters": {
        "channel": "#alerts",
        "text": "Workflow error: {{ $json.error.message }}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Error Workflow

n8n UI > Workflow Settings > Error Workflow
Global error handler: her basarisiz workflow bu workflow'u tetikler

Error workflow node'lari:
1. Error Trigger → hata bilgisini al
2. Function → hatayi formatla
3. Slack/Email → bildirim gonder
4. HTTP Request → incident sisteme kaydet

Retry Stratejisi

json
{
  "parameters": {
    "options": {
      "retry": {
        "maxRetries": 3,
        "retryInterval": 2000,
        "retryOnTimeout": true
      }
    }
  }
}

Workflow Debugging

Execution Log

n8n.list_executions({
  workflow_id: "123",
  status: "error",
  limit: 10
})

Execution Detayi

n8n.get_execution({
  execution_id: "456",
  include_data: true
})
// Her node'un input/output data'sini gosterir

Debug Teknikleri

1. Manual execution: UI'da "Execute Workflow" tikla
2. Node output: Her node'un ciktisini incele
3. Expression editor: {{ $json.field }} ifadelerini test et
4. Console log: Function node'da console.log() kullan
5. Test webhook: Postman/curl ile webhook'u test et
6. Pin data: Test data'yi node'a sabitle (development icin)

CI/CD Entegrasyonu

GitHub Actions ile n8n

yaml
# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: Deploy
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Deploy
        run: ./deploy.sh
      - name: Notify n8n
        run: |
          curl -X POST https://n8n.example.com/webhook/deploy-complete \
            -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.N8N_WEBHOOK_TOKEN }}" \
            -d '{
              "repo": "${{ github.repository }}",
              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}",
              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
              "actor": "${{ github.actor }}"
            }'

Claude Code'dan Workflow Tetikleme

bash
# Webhook ile tetikle
curl -X POST http://localhost:5678/webhook/my-workflow \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"action": "deploy", "version": "v1.2.3"}'

# API ile tetikle
curl -X POST http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows/123/execute \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: <api-key>" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"data": {"key": "value"}}'

Workflow Export/Import (GitOps)

bash
# Export (backup)
curl -s http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: <key>" | jq '.' > workflows-backup.json

# Import
curl -X POST http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: <key>" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d @workflow.json

Ornek Workflow'lar

1. Deploy Notification

Trigger: Webhook (GitHub Actions'dan)
  → Function: Deploy bilgisini formatla
  → Slack: #deployments kanalina bildir
  → IF: Production deploy mi?
    → YES: Telegram'a da bildir
    → NO: Sadece Slack

json
{
  "name": "Deploy Notification",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Webhook",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
      "parameters": { "path": "deploy-notify", "httpMethod": "POST" }
    },
    {
      "name": "Format",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.function",
      "parameters": {
        "functionCode": "const d = items[0].json;\nreturn [{ json: { text: `Deploy: ${d.repo} (${d.branch}) by ${d.actor}\\nCommit: ${d.commit.substring(0,7)}` } }];"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Slack",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
      "parameters": { "channel": "#deployments", "text": "={{ $json.text }}" }
    }
  ]
}

2. Issue Triage

Trigger: GitHub (issue opened)
  → Function: Label belirle (title/body analizi)
  → GitHub: Label ata
  → IF: Bug mu?
    → YES: Slack #bugs kanalina bildir, P1 ise mention
    → NO: Backlog'a ekle

3. PR Review Reminder

Trigger: Cron (her gun 10:00)
  → GitHub: Acik PR'lari listele
  → IF: 24+ saat review bekleyen var mi?
    → YES: Slack'te reviewer'a mention at
    → NO: Bos geç

4. Daily Standup Collector

Trigger: Cron (her gun 09:00)
  → Slack: #standup kanalina soru gonder
  → Wait: 2 saat
  → Slack: Cevaplari topla
  → Function: Ozet olustur
  → Notion: Standup sayfasina kaydet

5. Error Alert Pipeline

Trigger: Webhook (app error handler'dan)
  → Function: Error dedup (son 5dk ayni hata var mi)
  → IF: Yeni hata mi?
    → YES:
      → Switch (severity):
        → Critical: PagerDuty + Slack + Telegram
        → High: Slack + Email
        → Low: Slack only
    → NO: Counter artir, sessiz kal

Best Practices

Workflow Tasarimi

| Kural | Aciklama | |-------|----------| | Tek sorumluluk | Her workflow tek bir is yapsin | | Error handling | Her dis API call'da continueOnFail | | Idempotent | Ayni input, ayni output (retry-safe) | | Timeout | HTTP request'lere timeout koy | | Rate limit | Split In Batches ile API limit'e uy | | Credential | Hardcode yapma, n8n credential store kullan | | Naming | Node isimlerini aciklayici yap | | Testing | Pin data ile test et, sonra production'a al |

Guvenlik

1. Webhook'lara authentication ekle (header auth veya HMAC)
2. Credential'lari n8n credential store'da tut
3. Sensitive data'yi log'lama
4. Network: n8n'i public internet'e ACMA (reverse proxy kullan)
5. API key'leri environment variable'dan al
6. Workflow export'larinda credential'lar OLMAZ (import sonrasi set et)

Performans

1. Batch processing: Split In Batches node kullan
2. Parallel execution: baska node'lara dallan
3. Caching: Redis node ile sik kullanilan data'yi cache'le
4. Pagination: Buyuk data set'lerde sayfalama yap
5. Timeout: Uzun workflow'lara timeout koy (workflow settings)
6. Cleanup: Eski execution log'larini sil (Settings > Pruning)

Anti-Patterns

| Anti-Pattern | Dogru Yol | |-------------|-----------| | Monolithic workflow | Kucuk, tek sorumluluk workflow'lar | | No error handling | continueOnFail + error workflow | | Hardcoded credentials | n8n credential store | | No retry | Retry config ekle | | Polling every second | Webhook kullan veya 5min+ interval | | No dedup | Duplicate event kontrolu ekle | | No monitoring | Execution log + error alert workflow |