Phase 9: Deployment

> Production deployment

Purpose

Deliver the completed application to users.

What to Do in This Phase

1. Prepare Deployment Environment: Infrastructure setup
2. Build: Create production build
3. Execute Deployment: Actual deployment
4. Verification: Post-deployment operation check

Deliverables

docs/02-design/
└── deployment-spec.md          # Deployment specification

docs/04-report/
└── deployment-report.md        # Deployment report

(Infrastructure config files)
├── vercel.json                 # Vercel configuration
├── Dockerfile                  # Docker configuration
└── k8s/                        # Kubernetes configuration

PDCA Application

• Plan: Establish deployment plan
• Design: Design deployment configuration
• Do: Execute deployment
• Check: Verify deployment
• Act: Problem resolution and completion report

Level-wise Application

| Level | Deployment Method | |-------|-------------------| | Starter | Static hosting (Netlify, GitHub Pages) | | Dynamic | Vercel, Railway, etc. | | Enterprise | Kubernetes, AWS ECS, etc. |

Starter Deployment (Static Hosting)

bash
# GitHub Pages
npm run build
# Deploy dist/ folder to gh-pages branch

# Netlify
# Configure netlify.toml then connect Git

Dynamic Deployment (Vercel)

bash
# Vercel CLI
npm i -g vercel
vercel

# Or auto-deploy via Git connection

Enterprise Deployment (Kubernetes)

yaml
# k8s/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: my-app:latest

Environment Management

Environment Configuration Overview

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     Environment Variable Flow                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                              │
│   Development                                                │
│   └── .env.local → Developer local machine                  │
│                                                              │
│   Staging                                                    │
│   └── CI/CD Secrets → Preview/Staging environment           │
│                                                              │
│   Production                                                 │
│   └── CI/CD Secrets → Production environment                │
│       └── Vault/Secrets Manager (Enterprise)                │
│                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Environment Classification

| Environment | Purpose | Data | Variable Source | |-------------|---------|------|-----------------| | Development | Local development | Test data | .env.local | | Staging | Pre-deployment verification | Test data | CI/CD Secrets | | Production | Live service | Real data | CI/CD Secrets + Vault |

CI/CD Environment Variable Configuration

GitHub Actions

yaml
# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, staging]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set environment
        run: |
          if [ "${{ github.ref }}" == "refs/heads/main" ]; then
            echo "DEPLOY_ENV=production" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          else
            echo "DEPLOY_ENV=staging" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          fi

      - name: Build
        env:
          # General environment variables (can be exposed)
          NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_URL: ${{ vars.APP_URL }}
          NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL: ${{ vars.API_URL }}

          # Secrets (sensitive info)
          DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}
          AUTH_SECRET: ${{ secrets.AUTH_SECRET }}
          API_STRIPE_SECRET: ${{ secrets.API_STRIPE_SECRET }}
        run: npm run build

      - name: Deploy to Vercel
        env:
          VERCEL_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
        run: |
          npx vercel --prod --token=$VERCEL_TOKEN

GitHub Secrets Configuration Guide

Repository Settings → Secrets and variables → Actions

1. Repository secrets (sensitive info)
   ├── DATABASE_URL
   ├── AUTH_SECRET
   ├── API_STRIPE_SECRET
   └── VERCEL_TOKEN

2. Repository variables (general settings)
   ├── APP_URL
   ├── API_URL
   └── NODE_ENV

3. Environment-specific secrets
   ├── production/
   │   ├── DATABASE_URL (production DB)
   │   └── API_STRIPE_SECRET (live key)
   └── staging/
       ├── DATABASE_URL (staging DB)
       └── API_STRIPE_SECRET (test key)

Vercel Environment Variable Configuration

Project Settings → Environment Variables

┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐
│ Variable Name   │ Development │ Preview     │ Production  │
├─────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤
│ DATABASE_URL    │ dev-db      │ staging-db  │ prod-db     │
│ AUTH_SECRET     │ dev-secret  │ stg-secret  │ prod-secret │
│ API_STRIPE_*    │ test key    │ test key    │ live key    │
└─────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘

Configuration steps:
1. Project Settings → Environment Variables
2. Add New Variable
3. Select environment (Development / Preview / Production)
4. Check Sensitive (if sensitive info)

Secrets Management Strategy

Level-wise Secrets Management

| Level | Secrets Management Method | Tools | |-------|--------------------------|-------| | Starter | CI/CD platform Secrets | GitHub Secrets, Vercel | | Dynamic | CI/CD + environment separation | GitHub Environments | | Enterprise | Dedicated Secrets Manager | Vault, AWS Secrets Manager |

Starter/Dynamic: CI/CD Secrets

yaml
# Usage in GitHub Actions
- name: Deploy
  env:
    DB_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.DB_PASSWORD }}

Enterprise: HashiCorp Vault

yaml
# Fetch Secrets from Vault
- name: Import Secrets from Vault
  uses: hashicorp/vault-action@v2
  with:
    url: https://vault.company.com
    token: ${{ secrets.VAULT_TOKEN }}
    secrets: |
      secret/data/myapp/production db_password | DB_PASSWORD ;
      secret/data/myapp/production api_key | API_KEY

Enterprise: AWS Secrets Manager

typescript
// lib/secrets.ts
import { SecretsManagerClient, GetSecretValueCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-secrets-manager";

const client = new SecretsManagerClient({ region: "ap-northeast-2" });

export async function getSecret(secretName: string): Promise<Record<string, string>> {
  const command = new GetSecretValueCommand({ SecretId: secretName });
  const response = await client.send(command);

  if (response.SecretString) {
    return JSON.parse(response.SecretString);
  }
  throw new Error(`Secret ${secretName} not found`);
}

// Usage
const dbSecrets = await getSecret("myapp/production/database");
// { host: "...", password: "...", ... }

Environment-specific Build Configuration

Next.js Environment Configuration

javascript
// next.config.js
/** @type {import('next').NextConfig} */
const nextConfig = {
  // Environment-specific settings
  env: {
    NEXT_PUBLIC_ENV: process.env.NODE_ENV,
  },

  // Environment-specific redirects
  async redirects() {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') {
      return [
        { source: '/debug', destination: '/', permanent: false },
      ];
    }
    return [];
  },
};

module.exports = nextConfig;

Environment-specific API Endpoints

typescript
// lib/config.ts
const config = {
  development: {
    apiUrl: 'http://localhost:3001',
    debug: true,
  },
  staging: {
    apiUrl: 'https://api-staging.myapp.com',
    debug: true,
  },
  production: {
    apiUrl: 'https://api.myapp.com',
    debug: false,
  },
} as const;

type Environment = keyof typeof config;

const env = (process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development') as Environment;
export const appConfig = config[env];

Environment Variable Validation (Pre-deployment)

Required Variable Check Script

javascript
#!/usr/bin/env node
// scripts/check-env.js

const REQUIRED_VARS = [
  'DATABASE_URL',
  'AUTH_SECRET',
  'NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_URL'
];

const missing = REQUIRED_VARS.filter(v => !process.env[v]);

if (missing.length > 0) {
  console.error('❌ Missing required environment variables:');
  missing.forEach(v => console.error(`  - ${v}`));
  process.exit(1);
}

console.log('✅ All required environment variables are set');

Validation in CI/CD

yaml
# GitHub Actions
- name: Validate Environment
  run: node scripts/check-env.js
  env:
    DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}
    AUTH_SECRET: ${{ secrets.AUTH_SECRET }}
    NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_URL: ${{ vars.APP_URL }}

Environment Variable Management Checklist

Pre-deployment

• ] Secrets Registration
• ] DATABASE_URL (per environment)
• ] AUTH_SECRET (per environment)
• ] External API keys (per environment)

• ] Environment Separation
• ] Development / Staging / Production distinction
• ] Per-environment database separation
• ] Per-environment external service key separation (test/live)

• ] Validation
• ] Run required variable check script
• ] Build test

Post-deployment

• ] Operation Check
• ] Verify environment variables are injected correctly
• ] External service integration test

• ] Security Check
• ] Verify no sensitive info in logs
• ] Verify no server-only variables exposed to client

Deployment Checklist

Preparation

• ] Environment variable configuration (see checklist above)
• ] Domain connection
• ] SSL certificate

Deployment

• ] Build successful
• ] Deployment complete
• ] Health check passed

Verification

• ] Major feature operation check
• ] Error log review
• ] Performance monitoring

Rollback Plan

If problems occur:
1. Immediately rollback to previous version
2. Analyze root cause
3. Fix and redeploy

Template

See templates/pipeline/phase-9-deployment.template.md

After Completion

Project complete! Start new feature development cycle from Phase 1 as needed