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Get Started Free →Use when reviewing rendered HTML, interactive components, or design-system patterns related to Ensure table headers associate with data cells. Check native semantics first, then inspect keyboard behavior, focus flow, accessible names, and screen-reader output where relevant.
| Test case | Without → With | Effect | Δ tokens | Δ turns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| case-22 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 1% | 0% |
| case-01 | ✓→✓ | ＝ Same ✓ | -9% | 0% |
| case-06 | ✓→✓ | ＝ Same ✓ | -1% | 0% |
| case-02 | ✓→✓ | ＝ Same ✓ | 3% | 0% |
| case-03 | ✓→✓ | ＝ Same ✓ | -23% | 0% |
Orphaned headers without data cells can confuse users of assistive technology and indicate a broken table structure.
<th> must be associated with one or more <td> cellsVerify that all <th> elements are correctly associated with data cells.
Remove empty headers or ensure they are correctly mapped to data cells.
Explain why every header must have associated data to maintain an accessible table structure.
Review the rendered markup and interactive states that affect Ensure table headers associate with data cells. Flag exact elements, roles, labels, focus behavior, or keyboard interactions that violate the rule, and note how to verify the fix with browser accessibility tooling or assistive tech.
For full implementation details, code examples, and framework-specific guidance, see references/rule.md.
Rule page: https://frontendchecklist.io/en/rules/accessibility/th-has-data-cells
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