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Extracting tables

Use this when the user wants structured tabular data — financial statements, scientific tables, invoices, spreadsheet-style PDFs. Xberg detects tables via a layout model (RT-DETR v2) and reconstructs cell structure with a configurable table model.

Basic usage

bash
# Markdown tables embedded in the content stream
xberg extract report.pdf --layout --content-format markdown

# Structured JSON output, tables appear under result.tables
xberg extract report.pdf --layout --format json

--layout turns on layout-aware extraction; without it, tables fall back to plain text reflow and you lose cell boundaries.

Output shapes

Two surfaces, picked via --format (CLI shape) and --content-format (content rendering):

• Markdown tables in content — --content-format markdown. Tables

appear inline as | col | col | blocks. Good for LLM ingestion.

• Structured tables array — --format json. Each entry has

cells[][] (rows × cols), markdown (pre-rendered), page_number, bounding_box. Use this when downstream code needs exact cell access. (bounding_box is omitted when no position data is available.)

Both are populated at once when --layout is on. The tables array is always structured; the content stream switches representation.

bash
xberg extract financials.pdf --layout --format json \
  | jq '.result.tables[] | {page: .page_number, rows: (.cells | length)}'

Table models

--layout-table-model picks the reconstruction backend:

| Model | Best for | Notes | | ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | | tatr | dense complex tables (academic, financial) | Default. Heaviest, highest accuracy. | | slanet_auto | dispatches per-table to wired/wireless | Good when table styles are mixed. | | slanet_wired | tables with visible borders | Faster than tatr. | | slanet_wireless | tables without borders (whitespace-separated) | For invoices, simple grids. | | slanet_plus | hybrid wired / wireless | Lighter than slanet_auto. | | disabled | layout detection only, no table structure | Use to skip table model cost. |

bash
xberg extract bank-statement.pdf \
  --layout --layout-table-model tatr --content-format markdown

Drop --layout-confidence when the layout model misses tables (default threshold ~0.5):

bash
xberg extract noisy-scan.pdf --layout --layout-confidence 0.3

Spreadsheets

.xlsx, .ods, .csv, .tsv are extracted by dedicated parsers — no layout model needed. Each sheet becomes a markdown table (or structured table) automatically:

bash
xberg extract workbook.xlsx --content-format markdown
xberg extract data.csv --format json

Pass --no-cache=true only when iterating on the same file with different configs.

Config file alternative

toml
# `output_format` in config files equals `--content-format` on the CLI.
output_format = "markdown"

[layout]
confidence_threshold = 0.5
table_model = "tatr"

Then:

bash
xberg extract report.pdf --format json

Programmatic access

From Python, structured tables live on the document in the result envelope (result.results[0].tables):

python
from xberg import ExtractInput, extract, ExtractionConfig, LayoutDetectionConfig

config = ExtractionConfig(
    layout=LayoutDetectionConfig(table_model="tatr"),
    output_format="markdown",
)
result = await extract(ExtractInput(uri="report.pdf"), config)
for table in result.results[0].tables:
    print(table.markdown)        # rendered markdown
    print(table.cells[0][0])     # cell access

Node.js mirrors this (extract, output.results[0].tables, camelCase fields). See references/python-api.md and references/nodejs-api.md in the sibling xberg skill for full type signatures.

Known limitations

• Merged cells — reconstructed as repeated values across the spanned

region; the merge is not preserved as metadata.

• Rotated tables — enable --ocr-auto-rotate true for image-based

PDFs before extraction.

• Nested tables — flattened. Detection succeeds; structural nesting is

lost.

• Multi-page tables — each page yields a separate tables[] entry.

Stitch by matching column headers if needed.

• ONNX Runtime required — layout and table models are unavailable in

WASM builds and on the Android x86_64 emulator; native targets ship full support.

Common failure modes

• Empty tables with --layout on — confidence threshold too high or

table model mismatched. Drop --layout-confidence to 0.3, try --layout-table-model tatr.

• Markdown tables look ragged — switch --layout-table-model to

slanet_wired for bordered grids or slanet_wireless for invoices.

• Slow extraction — tatr is heavy. Use slanet_auto or

slanet_plus as a default; reach for tatr only when accuracy matters.

See references/cli-reference.md for the full layout flag set and references/advanced-features.md for the layout pipeline internals.