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Get Started Free →Android と Kotlin Multiplatform プロジェクトのクリーンアーキテクチャパターン — モジュール構造、依存関係ルール、UseCase、Repository、データ層パターン。
| Test case | Without → With | Effect | Δ tokens | Δ turns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| case-18 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 88% | 0% |
| case-22 | ✓→✗ | ▼ Worse | 36% | 0% |
| case-01 | ✓→✓ | = Same ✓ | 67% | 0% |
| case-02 | ✓→✓ | = Same ✓ | 63% | 0% |
| case-03 | ✓→✓ | = Same ✓ | 103% | 0% |
适用于 Android 和 KMP 项目的整洁架构模式。涵盖模块边界、依赖反转、UseCase/Repository 模式,以及使用 Room、SQLDelight 和 Ktor 的数据层设计。
project/
├── app/ # Android 入口点,DI 装配,Application 类
├── core/ # 共享工具类,基类,错误类型
├── domain/ # 用例,领域模型,仓库接口(纯 Kotlin)
├── data/ # 仓库实现,数据源,数据库,网络
├── presentation/ # 界面,ViewModel,UI 模型,导航
├── design-system/ # 可复用的 Compose 组件,主题,排版
└── feature/ # 功能模块(可选,用于大型项目)
├── auth/
├── settings/
└── profile/app → presentation, domain, data, core
presentation → domain, design-system, core
data → domain, core
domain → core (或无依赖)
core → (无依赖)关键:domain 绝不能依赖 data、presentation 或任何框架。它仅包含纯 Kotlin 代码。
每个 UseCase 代表一个业务操作。使用 operator fun invoke 以获得简洁的调用点:
kotlinclass GetItemsByCategoryUseCase( private val repository: ItemRepository ) { suspend operator fun invoke(category: String): Result<List<Item>> { return repository.getItemsByCategory(category) } } // Flow-based UseCase for reactive streams class ObserveUserProgressUseCase( private val repository: UserRepository ) { operator fun invoke(userId: String): Flow<UserProgress> { return repository.observeProgress(userId) } }
领域模型是普通的 Kotlin 数据类——没有框架注解:
kotlindata class Item( val id: String, val title: String, val description: String, val tags: List<String>, val status: Status, val category: String ) enum class Status { DRAFT, ACTIVE, ARCHIVED }
在领域层定义,在数据层实现:
kotlininterface ItemRepository { suspend fun getItemsByCategory(category: String): Result<List<Item>> suspend fun saveItem(item: Item): Result<Unit> fun observeItems(): Flow<List<Item>> }
协调本地和远程数据源:
kotlinclass ItemRepositoryImpl( private val localDataSource: ItemLocalDataSource, private val remoteDataSource: ItemRemoteDataSource ) : ItemRepository { override suspend fun getItemsByCategory(category: String): Result<List<Item>> { return runCatching { val remote = remoteDataSource.fetchItems(category) localDataSource.insertItems(remote.map { it.toEntity() }) localDataSource.getItemsByCategory(category).map { it.toDomain() } } } override suspend fun saveItem(item: Item): Result<Unit> { return runCatching { localDataSource.insertItems(listOf(item.toEntity())) } } override fun observeItems(): Flow<List<Item>> { return localDataSource.observeAll().map { entities -> entities.map { it.toDomain() } } } }
将映射器作为扩展函数放在数据模型附近:
kotlin// In data layer fun ItemEntity.toDomain() = Item( id = id, title = title, description = description, tags = tags.split("|"), status = Status.valueOf(status), category = category ) fun ItemDto.toEntity() = ItemEntity( id = id, title = title, description = description, tags = tags.joinToString("|"), status = status, category = category )
kotlin@Entity(tableName = "items") data class ItemEntity( @PrimaryKey val id: String, val title: String, val description: String, val tags: String, val status: String, val category: String ) @Dao interface ItemDao { @Query("SELECT * FROM items WHERE category = :category") suspend fun getByCategory(category: String): List<ItemEntity> @Upsert suspend fun upsert(items: List<ItemEntity>) @Query("SELECT * FROM items") fun observeAll(): Flow<List<ItemEntity>> }
sql-- Item.sq CREATE TABLE ItemEntity ( id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, title TEXT NOT NULL, description TEXT NOT NULL, tags TEXT NOT NULL, status TEXT NOT NULL, category TEXT NOT NULL ); getByCategory: SELECT * FROM ItemEntity WHERE category = ?; upsert: INSERT OR REPLACE INTO ItemEntity (id, title, description, tags, status, category) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?); observeAll: SELECT * FROM ItemEntity;
kotlinclass ItemRemoteDataSource(private val client: HttpClient) { suspend fun fetchItems(category: String): List<ItemDto> { return client.get("api/items") { parameter("category", category) }.body() } } // HttpClient setup with content negotiation val httpClient = HttpClient { install(ContentNegotiation) { json(Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }) } install(Logging) { level = LogLevel.HEADERS } defaultRequest { url("https://api.example.com/") } }
kotlin// Domain module val domainModule = module { factory { GetItemsByCategoryUseCase(get()) } factory { ObserveUserProgressUseCase(get()) } } // Data module val dataModule = module { single<ItemRepository> { ItemRepositoryImpl(get(), get()) } single { ItemLocalDataSource(get()) } single { ItemRemoteDataSource(get()) } } // Presentation module val presentationModule = module { viewModelOf(::ItemListViewModel) viewModelOf(::DashboardViewModel) }
kotlin@Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) abstract class RepositoryModule { @Binds abstract fun bindItemRepository(impl: ItemRepositoryImpl): ItemRepository } @HiltViewModel class ItemListViewModel @Inject constructor( private val getItems: GetItemsByCategoryUseCase ) : ViewModel()
使用 Result<T> 或自定义密封类型进行错误传播:
kotlinsealed interface Try<out T> { data class Success<T>(val value: T) : Try<T> data class Failure(val error: AppError) : Try<Nothing> } sealed interface AppError { data class Network(val message: String) : AppError data class Database(val message: String) : AppError data object Unauthorized : AppError } // In ViewModel — map to UI state viewModelScope.launch { when (val result = getItems(category)) { is Try.Success -> _state.update { it.copy(items = result.value, isLoading = false) } is Try.Failure -> _state.update { it.copy(error = result.error.toMessage(), isLoading = false) } } }
对于 KMP 项目,使用约定插件以减少构建文件重复:
kotlin// build-logic/src/main/kotlin/kmp-library.gradle.kts plugins { id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform") } kotlin { androidTarget() iosX64(); iosArm64(); iosSimulatorArm64() sourceSets { commonMain.dependencies { /* shared deps */ } commonTest.dependencies { implementation(kotlin("test")) } } }
在模块中应用:
kotlin// domain/build.gradle.kts plugins { id("kmp-library") }
domain 中导入 Android 框架类——保持其为纯 KotlinGlobalScope 或非结构化协程——使用 viewModelScope 或结构化并发查看技能:compose-multiplatform-patterns 了解 UI 模式。 查看技能:kotlin-coroutines-flows 了解异步模式。
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