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Get Started Free →KMPプロジェクト向けのCompose MultiplatformおよびJetpack Composeパターン — 状態管理、ナビゲーション、テーマ設定、パフォーマンス、プラットフォーム固有のUI。
| Test case | Without → With | Effect | Δ tokens | Δ turns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| case-07 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 58% | 0% |
| case-01 | ✓→✓ | = Same ✓ | 67% | 0% |
| case-02 | ✓→✓ | = Same ✓ | 92% | 0% |
| case-03 | ✓→✓ | = Same ✓ | 60% | 0% |
| case-04 | ✓→✓ | = Same ✓ | 79% | 0% |
使用 Compose Multiplatform 和 Jetpack Compose 构建跨 Android、iOS、桌面和 Web 的共享 UI 的模式。涵盖状态管理、导航、主题和性能。
使用单个数据类表示屏幕状态。将其暴露为 StateFlow 并在 Compose 中收集:
kotlindata class ItemListState( val items: List<Item> = emptyList(), val isLoading: Boolean = false, val error: String? = null, val searchQuery: String = "" ) class ItemListViewModel( private val getItems: GetItemsUseCase ) : ViewModel() { private val _state = MutableStateFlow(ItemListState()) val state: StateFlow<ItemListState> = _state.asStateFlow() fun onSearch(query: String) { _state.update { it.copy(searchQuery = query) } loadItems(query) } private fun loadItems(query: String) { viewModelScope.launch { _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) } getItems(query).fold( onSuccess = { items -> _state.update { it.copy(items = items, isLoading = false) } }, onFailure = { e -> _state.update { it.copy(error = e.message, isLoading = false) } } ) } } }
kotlin@Composable fun ItemListScreen(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = koinViewModel()) { val state by viewModel.state.collectAsStateWithLifecycle() ItemListContent( state = state, onSearch = viewModel::onSearch ) } @Composable private fun ItemListContent( state: ItemListState, onSearch: (String) -> Unit ) { // Stateless composable — easy to preview and test }
对于复杂屏幕,使用密封接口表示事件,而非多个回调 lambda:
kotlinsealed interface ItemListEvent { data class Search(val query: String) : ItemListEvent data class Delete(val itemId: String) : ItemListEvent data object Refresh : ItemListEvent } // In ViewModel fun onEvent(event: ItemListEvent) { when (event) { is ItemListEvent.Search -> onSearch(event.query) is ItemListEvent.Delete -> deleteItem(event.itemId) is ItemListEvent.Refresh -> loadItems(_state.value.searchQuery) } } // In Composable — single lambda instead of many ItemListContent( state = state, onEvent = viewModel::onEvent )
将路由定义为 @Serializable 对象:
kotlin@Serializable data object HomeRoute @Serializable data class DetailRoute(val id: String) @Serializable data object SettingsRoute @Composable fun AppNavHost(navController: NavHostController = rememberNavController()) { NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) { composable<HomeRoute> { HomeScreen(onNavigateToDetail = { id -> navController.navigate(DetailRoute(id)) }) } composable<DetailRoute> { backStackEntry -> val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<DetailRoute>() DetailScreen(id = route.id) } composable<SettingsRoute> { SettingsScreen() } } }
使用 dialog() 和覆盖层模式,而非命令式的显示/隐藏:
kotlinNavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) { composable<HomeRoute> { /* ... */ } dialog<ConfirmDeleteRoute> { backStackEntry -> val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<ConfirmDeleteRoute>() ConfirmDeleteDialog( itemId = route.itemId, onConfirm = { navController.popBackStack() }, onDismiss = { navController.popBackStack() } ) } }
使用槽位参数设计可组合项以获得灵活性:
kotlin@Composable fun AppCard( modifier: Modifier = Modifier, header: @Composable () -> Unit = {}, content: @Composable ColumnScope.() -> Unit, actions: @Composable RowScope.() -> Unit = {} ) { Card(modifier = modifier) { Column { header() Column(content = content) Row(horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.End, content = actions) } } }
修饰符顺序很重要 —— 按此顺序应用:
kotlinText( text = "Hello", modifier = Modifier .padding(16.dp) // 1. Layout (padding, size) .clip(RoundedCornerShape(8.dp)) // 2. Shape .background(Color.White) // 3. Drawing (background, border) .clickable { } // 4. Interaction )
kotlin// commonMain @Composable expect fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) // androidMain @Composable actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) { val systemUiController = rememberSystemUiController() SideEffect { systemUiController.setStatusBarColor(Color.Transparent, darkIcons) } } // iosMain @Composable actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) { // iOS handles this via UIKit interop or Info.plist }
当所有属性都稳定时,将类标记为 @Stable 或 @Immutable:
kotlin@Immutable data class ItemUiModel( val id: String, val title: String, val description: String, val progress: Float )
key() 和惰性列表kotlinLazyColumn { items( items = items, key = { it.id } // Stable keys enable item reuse and animations ) { item -> ItemRow(item = item) } }
derivedStateOf 延迟读取kotlinval listState = rememberLazyListState() val showScrollToTop by remember { derivedStateOf { listState.firstVisibleItemIndex > 5 } }
kotlin// BAD — new lambda and list every recomposition items.filter { it.isActive }.forEach { ActiveItem(it, onClick = { handle(it) }) } // GOOD — key each item so callbacks stay attached to the right row val activeItems = remember(items) { items.filter { it.isActive } } activeItems.forEach { item -> key(item.id) { ActiveItem(item, onClick = { handle(item) }) } }
kotlin@Composable fun AppTheme( darkTheme: Boolean = isSystemInDarkTheme(), dynamicColor: Boolean = true, content: @Composable () -> Unit ) { val colorScheme = when { dynamicColor && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S -> { if (darkTheme) dynamicDarkColorScheme(LocalContext.current) else dynamicLightColorScheme(LocalContext.current) } darkTheme -> darkColorScheme() else -> lightColorScheme() } MaterialTheme(colorScheme = colorScheme, content = content) }
mutableStateOf,而 MutableStateFlow 配合 collectAsStateWithLifecycle 对生命周期更安全NavController 深入传递到可组合项中 —— 应传递 lambda 回调@Composable 函数中进行繁重计算 —— 应移至 ViewModel 或 remember {}LaunchedEffect(Unit) 作为 ViewModel 初始化的替代 —— 在某些设置中,它会在配置更改时重新运行查看技能:android-clean-architecture 了解模块结构和分层。 查看技能:kotlin-coroutines-flows 了解协程和 Flow 模式。
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