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Get Started Free →Thread-safe data persistence in Swift using actors — in-memory cache with file-backed storage, eliminating data races by design.
| Test case | Without → With | Effect | Δ tokens | Δ turns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| case-01 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | -17% | 0% |
| case-03 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 8% | 0% |
| case-07 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 41% | 0% |
| case-13 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 16% | 0% |
| case-14 | ✗→✓ | ▲ Improved | 19% | 0% |
使用 Swift actor 构建线程安全数据持久化层的模式。结合内存缓存与文件支持的存储,利用 actor 模型在编译时消除数据竞争。
Actor 模型保证了序列化访问 —— 没有数据竞争,由编译器强制执行。
swiftpublic actor LocalRepository<T: Codable & Identifiable> where T.ID == String { private var cache: [String: T] = [:] private let fileURL: URL public init(directory: URL = .documentsDirectory, filename: String = "data.json") { self.fileURL = directory.appendingPathComponent(filename) // Synchronous load during init (actor isolation not yet active) self.cache = Self.loadSynchronously(from: fileURL) } // MARK: - Public API public func save(_ item: T) throws { cache[item.id] = item try persistToFile() } public func delete(_ id: String) throws { cache[id] = nil try persistToFile() } public func find(by id: String) -> T? { cache[id] } public func loadAll() -> [T] { Array(cache.values) } // MARK: - Private private func persistToFile() throws { let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(Array(cache.values)) try data.write(to: fileURL, options: .atomic) } private static func loadSynchronously(from url: URL) -> [String: T] { guard let data = try? Data(contentsOf: url), let items = try? JSONDecoder().decode([T].self, from: data) else { return [:] } return Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: items.map { ($0.id, $0) }) } }
由于 actor 隔离,所有调用都会自动变为异步:
swiftlet repository = LocalRepository<Question>() // Read — fast O(1) lookup from in-memory cache let question = await repository.find(by: "q-001") let allQuestions = await repository.loadAll() // Write — updates cache and persists to file atomically try await repository.save(newQuestion) try await repository.delete("q-001")
swift@Observable final class QuestionListViewModel { private(set) var questions: [Question] = [] private let repository: LocalRepository<Question> init(repository: LocalRepository<Question> = LocalRepository()) { self.repository = repository } func load() async { questions = await repository.loadAll() } func add(_ question: Question) async throws { try await repository.save(question) questions = await repository.loadAll() } }
| 决策 | 理由 | |----------|-----------| | Actor(而非类 + 锁) | 编译器强制执行的线程安全性,无需手动同步 | | 内存缓存 + 文件持久化 | 从缓存中快速读取,持久化写入磁盘 | | 同步初始化加载 | 避免异步初始化的复杂性 | | 按 ID 键控的字典 | 按标识符进行 O(1) 查找 | | 泛型化 Codable & Identifiable | 可在任何模型类型中重复使用 | | 原子文件写入 (.atomic) | 防止崩溃时部分写入 |
Sendable 类型.atomic 写入 以防止应用在写入过程中崩溃导致数据损坏init 中同步加载 —— 异步初始化器会增加复杂性,而对本地文件的益处微乎其微@Observable ViewModel 结合使用 以实现响应式 UI 更新DispatchQueue 或 NSLock 而非 actorawait —— 调用者必须处理异步上下文nonisolated 来绕过 actor 隔离(违背了初衷)DispatchQueue 的旧式线程安全机制Other measured skills in the registry, with their headline benchmark lift.