Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 SDK for Python

Hierarchical file system for big data analytics workloads.

Installation

bash
pip install azure-storage-file-datalake azure-identity

Environment Variables

bash
AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_URL=https://<account>.dfs.core.windows.net

Authentication

python
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.storage.filedatalake import DataLakeServiceClient

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
account_url = "https://<account>.dfs.core.windows.net"

service_client = DataLakeServiceClient(account_url=account_url, credential=credential)

Client Hierarchy

| Client | Purpose | |--------|---------| | DataLakeServiceClient | Account-level operations | | FileSystemClient | Container (file system) operations | | DataLakeDirectoryClient | Directory operations | | DataLakeFileClient | File operations |

File System Operations

python
# Create file system (container)
file_system_client = service_client.create_file_system("myfilesystem")

# Get existing
file_system_client = service_client.get_file_system_client("myfilesystem")

# Delete
service_client.delete_file_system("myfilesystem")

# List file systems
for fs in service_client.list_file_systems():
    print(fs.name)

Directory Operations

python
file_system_client = service_client.get_file_system_client("myfilesystem")

# Create directory
directory_client = file_system_client.create_directory("mydir")

# Create nested directories
directory_client = file_system_client.create_directory("path/to/nested/dir")

# Get directory client
directory_client = file_system_client.get_directory_client("mydir")

# Delete directory
directory_client.delete_directory()

# Rename/move directory
directory_client.rename_directory(new_name="myfilesystem/newname")

File Operations

Upload File

python
# Get file client
file_client = file_system_client.get_file_client("path/to/file.txt")

# Upload from local file
with open("local-file.txt", "rb") as data:
    file_client.upload_data(data, overwrite=True)

# Upload bytes
file_client.upload_data(b"Hello, Data Lake!", overwrite=True)

# Append data (for large files)
file_client.append_data(data=b"chunk1", offset=0, length=6)
file_client.append_data(data=b"chunk2", offset=6, length=6)
file_client.flush_data(12)  # Commit the data

Download File

python
file_client = file_system_client.get_file_client("path/to/file.txt")

# Download all content
download = file_client.download_file()
content = download.readall()

# Download to file
with open("downloaded.txt", "wb") as f:
    download = file_client.download_file()
    download.readinto(f)

# Download range
download = file_client.download_file(offset=0, length=100)

Delete File

python
file_client.delete_file()

List Contents

python
# List paths (files and directories)
for path in file_system_client.get_paths():
    print(f"{'DIR' if path.is_directory else 'FILE'}: {path.name}")

# List paths in directory
for path in file_system_client.get_paths(path="mydir"):
    print(path.name)

# Recursive listing
for path in file_system_client.get_paths(path="mydir", recursive=True):
    print(path.name)

File/Directory Properties

python
# Get properties
properties = file_client.get_file_properties()
print(f"Size: {properties.size}")
print(f"Last modified: {properties.last_modified}")

# Set metadata
file_client.set_metadata(metadata={"processed": "true"})

Access Control (ACL)

python
# Get ACL
acl = directory_client.get_access_control()
print(f"Owner: {acl['owner']}")
print(f"Permissions: {acl['permissions']}")

# Set ACL
directory_client.set_access_control(
    owner="user-id",
    permissions="rwxr-x---"
)

# Update ACL entries
from azure.storage.filedatalake import AccessControlChangeResult
directory_client.update_access_control_recursive(
    acl="user:user-id:rwx"
)

Async Client

python
from azure.storage.filedatalake.aio import DataLakeServiceClient
from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential

async def datalake_operations():
    credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
    
    async with DataLakeServiceClient(
        account_url="https://<account>.dfs.core.windows.net",
        credential=credential
    ) as service_client:
        file_system_client = service_client.get_file_system_client("myfilesystem")
        file_client = file_system_client.get_file_client("test.txt")
        
        await file_client.upload_data(b"async content", overwrite=True)
        
        download = await file_client.download_file()
        content = await download.readall()

import asyncio
asyncio.run(datalake_operations())

Best Practices

1. Use hierarchical namespace for file system semantics
2. Use append_data + flush_data for large file uploads
3. Set ACLs at directory level and inherit to children
4. Use async client for high-throughput scenarios
5. Use get_paths with recursive=True for full directory listing
6. Set metadata for custom file attributes
7. Consider Blob API for simple object storage use cases

When to Use

This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.

Limitations

• Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
• Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
• Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.