- 1754 — Founded as King's College by royal charter of George II
SkillScore50Maintained
Automatic
◆Knowledge Management pack
Last verified 7/27/2026
What it changes
Passed 11 of 22 test cases with the skill, and 1 of 22 without it.
Without skill5%
With skill50%
10 fixed1 passed either way11 still failing0 broke
Pass-rate lift
+45 pp
Tokens
-23%
Agent turns
0%
Response time
-58%
Model gemini-3.6-flashMeasured 7/27/2026v111 of 22 cases passed with skill
Tokens, turns and time describe resource use, not a dollar price.
What's inside
The instructions your model reads when the skill loads.
SKILL.md34 linessingle file
Columbia Univ
Historical Timeline
1754 — Founded as King's College by royal charter of George II
1767 — Awards first medical degree in the American colonies
1896 — Renamed Columbia University; moves to Morningside Heights
1900 — Founding member of the Association of American Universities
1917 — Ernest Rutherford achieves first artificial nuclear transmutation here
1942 — Enrico Fermi's team creates first self-sustaining nuclear reaction (Chicago Pile-1 project led by Columbia faculty)
1968 — Student protests occupy buildings; catalyst for national campus activism
2003 — Pulitzer Prizes awarded from Columbia's Pulitzer Hall
2024 — $14.2B endowment; 103 Nobel laureates affiliated
Business Model
Columbia operates a $14.2B endowment generating $700M annually in investment income. Tuition and fees ($70,000/year for undergraduates) generate ~$2.2B across its 20 schools. The university earns significant revenue from sponsored research ($1.1B in 2023), technology licensing, and the Columbia University Medical Center (one of NYC's largest employers). The Pulitzer Prize administration and summer programs generate additional income.
Competitive Moat
Columbia's Manhattan location is irreplicable — no other Ivy League school sits in a global financial, cultural, and media capital. The Columbia Journalism School administers the Pulitzer Prizes, the highest honor in American journalism. Its 103 Nobel laureates rank it #5 globally. The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) and Columbia Business School produce disproportionate influence in global policy and finance.
Key Data
Endowment: $14.2B (2024)
Nobel laureates: 103 affiliated (5th globally among universities)
Annual research: $1.1B in sponsored research funding
Students: 36,000 total (8,800 undergrad, 27,000+ graduate)
Campus: 36-acre Morningside Heights campus + 180+ buildings in NYC
Interesting Facts
Columbia University administers the Pulitzer Prizes — journalism's highest honor — and the Pulitzer School of Journalism is the oldest in the United States.
The university's Low Memorial Library appears in multiple Spider-Man films as the fictional 'Empire State University' — Columbia stands in for the fictional campus.