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Get Started Free →cyberstrikeus/T1672_email-spoofing
Adversaries may fake, or spoof, a sender’s identity by modifying the value of relevant email headers in order to establish contact with victims under false pretenses.
Passed 19 of 22 test cases with the skill, and 15 of 22 without it.
and 2 more in the full report
4 fixed15 passed either way3 still failing0 broke
Tokens, turns and time describe resource use, not a dollar price.
One of 4 test cases the skill fixed. Same model, same prompt, with and without the skill.
In an enterprise risk matrix, if an assessment reveals that email spoofing is applicable due to unvalidated email headers, what severity rating and impact classification should be assigned?
| Checked | Without skill | With skill |
|---|---|---|
| The response assigns a severity rating of High. | Passed | Passed |
| The response classifies the impact as Defense Evasion. | Missed | Passed |
The instructions your model reads when the skill loads.
Adversaries may fake, or spoof, a sender’s identity by modifying the value of relevant email headers in order to establish contact with victims under false pretenses. In addition to actual email content, email headers (such as the FROM header, which contains the email address of the sender) may also be modified. Email clients display these headers when emails appear in a victim's inbox, which may cause modified emails to appear as if they were from the spoofed entity.
This behavior may succeed when the spoofed entity either does not enable or enforce identity authentication tools such as Sender Policy Framework (SPF), DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), and/or Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC). Even if SPF and DKIM are configured properly, spoofing may still succeed when a domain sets a weak DMARC policy such as v=DMARC1; p=none; fo=1;. This means that while DMARC is technically present, email servers are not instructed to take any filtering action when emails fail authentication checks.
Adversaries may abuse Microsoft 365’s Direct Send functionality to spoof internal users by using internal devices like printers to send emails without authentication. Adversaries may also abuse absent or weakly configured SPF, SKIM, and/or DMARC policies to conceal social engineering attempts such as Phishing. They may also leverage email spoofing for Impersonation of legitimate external individuals and organizations, such as journalists and academics.
Platforms: Office Suite, Windows, macOS, Linux
Identify Attack Surface: Determine if the target environment is susceptible to Email Spoofing by examining the target platforms (Office Suite, Windows, macOS).
Assess Existing Defenses: Review whether mitigations for T1672 are in place. If defenses are absent or misconfigured, this technique may be exploitable.
Execute Test: Use tools and methods described in the MITRE ATT&CK page and external references below.
Note: No Atomic Red Team tests available for this technique. See Atomic Red Team GitHub for updates.
test cases passed, vs 15 / 22 without
More skills from the same source and nearby in the registry, with their headline benchmark lift.