Post-Mortem Framework

Principles

• Blameless: focus on systems/processes, not individuals. People make reasonable decisions given available info.
• Evidence-based: every finding backed by logs, metrics, or documented actions
• Action-oriented: every finding produces concrete, assigned action item
• Learning-focused: capture what worked alongside what failed

Post-Mortem Document Structure

markdown
# Post-Mortem: [Incident Title]

**Date**: [incident date]
**Duration**: [start to resolution]
**Severity**: [P0-P3]
**Author**: [analyst]

## Summary
[2-3 sentence overview: what happened, impact, resolution]

## Timeline
| Time | Event | Source |
|------|-------|--------|
| HH:MM | [event] | [log/metric/report] |

## Impact
- Users affected: [number/percentage]
- Duration of impact: [time]
- Business impact: [quantified if possible]
- Systems affected: [list]

## Root Cause Analysis
[5 Whys analysis with evidence at each level]

## Detection and Response
- Time to detect: [duration] -- [how detected]
- Time to respond: [duration] -- [first action]
- Time to mitigate: [duration] -- [mitigation applied]
- Time to resolve: [duration] -- [permanent fix]

## What Went Well
- [positive observations about detection, response, recovery]

## What Could Be Improved
- [areas where detection, response, recovery fell short]

## Action Items
| ID | Action | Owner | Priority | Due Date |
|----|--------|-------|----------|----------|
| 1 | [specific action] | [team/person] | [P0-P3] | [date] |

## Lessons Learned
- [key takeaways for the organization]

Incident Timeline Reconstruction

Sources

1. Monitoring alerts/dashboards (timestamps) | 2. Deployment logs/CI-CD records
2. Communication channels (Slack, email, incident) | 4. VCS (commits, merges, deploys) | 5. User reports/support tickets

Quality Checks

Events chronological with verified timestamps | gaps >5 min noted/explained | decision points identified with available info | causal relationships noted

Response Effectiveness Evaluation

Detection

Detected by monitoring or users? | Duration onset-to-detection? | Existing alerts relevant? Missing?

Escalation

Right team at right time? | Procedures followed? | Communication clear to stakeholders?

Resolution

Mitigation effective? | Rollback considered/viable? | Duration mitigation-to-permanent-fix?

Organizational Learning

Knowledge Capture

Document root causes as reusable patterns | update runbooks | share in retrospectives

Process Improvements

Update monitoring/alerting per detection gaps | revise deployment per rollback effectiveness | strengthen testing for failure scenario

Action Item Tracking

Every item has owner + due date | track in standups/sprint reviews | verify effectiveness post-deployment