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Explain why different studies reach different conclusions — heterogeneity investigation protocol. Budget: 30 studies, 30 effect sizes, 50 web searches.
Passed 13 of 19 test cases with the skill, and 9 of 19 without it.
and 12 more in the full report
8 fixed7 passed either way4 still failing3 broke
Tokens, turns and time describe resource use, not a dollar price.
One of 6 test cases the skill fixed. Same model, same prompt, with and without the skill.
How many included studies must be evaluated with validated risk of bias assessment tools to satisfy the methodological quality floor in a meta-analytic heterogeneity protocol?
| Checked | Without skill | With skill |
|---|---|---|
| Sets 15 quality assessments as the floor requirement. | Missed | Passed |
| Sets 30 quality assessments as the target requirement. | Missed | Passed |
The instructions your model reads when the skill loads.
Design a protocol to investigate and explain between-study heterogeneity — why studies of the same question reach different conclusions.
When a meta-analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity (I2 > 50%, significant Q-test, large tau2), this strategy designs the investigation protocol: subgroup analyses, meta-regression, moderator identification, and outlier diagnostics. Produces the investigation plan, not the computation.
| Resource | Floor | Target |
|---|---|---|
| Studies identified | 20 | 30 |
| Effect sizes extracted | 20 | 30 |
| Web searches | 35 | 50 |
| Moderator candidates | 5 | 10+ |
| Quality assessments | 15 | 30 |
Budget gate: cannot exit until 80% of floor met.
<HARD-GATE>
| Metric | Current | Floor | Target | Status |
|--------|---------|-------|--------|--------|
| Studies found | 0 | 20 | 30 | BLOCKED |
| Effect sizes planned | 0 | 20 | 30 | BLOCKED |
| Web searches done | 0 | 35 | 50 | BLOCKED |
| Moderators identified | 0 | 5 | 10+ | BLOCKED |
| Quality assessed | 0 | 15 | 30 | BLOCKED |
</HARD-GATE>
| Tactic | When to Use |
|---|---|
| effect-size-extraction | Extract effect sizes with full study characteristics |
| quality-assessment-protocol | Assess whether quality explains heterogeneity |
test cases passed, vs 9 / 19 without
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