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Strategy: Treat the gap set as an investment portfolio — use risk/return/diversity optimization to select the optimal gap portfolio
Passed 18 of 20 test cases with the skill, and 12 of 20 without it.
and 7 more in the full report
8 fixed12 passed either way1 still failing1 broke
Tokens, turns and time describe resource use, not a dollar price.
One of 6 test cases the skill fixed. Same model, same prompt, with and without the skill.
A department committee cataloged 25 research gaps in renewable battery chemistries and requested a balanced portfolio recommendation. How many gaps should be selected for the final recommended portfolio?
| Checked | Without skill | With skill |
|---|---|---|
| Recommends selecting 3 to 5 gaps for the portfolio. | Missed | Passed |
The instructions your model reads when the skill loads.
Treat the set of research gaps as an investment portfolio: not only assess the value of each individual gap, but also analyze the correlation and complementarity among gaps, selecting the portfolio with the greatest overall return and the most diversified risk.
Core principle: The value of an individual gap is not equal to its marginal contribution within the portfolio.
Draw an analogy between gap portfolio optimization and Markowitz portfolio theory:
Return: the expected academic/applied value of the gap (importance × impact)
Risk: the uncertainty of the gap (reciprocal of feasibility + reciprocal of technical maturity)
Correlation: Do two gaps depend on the same methods, data, or prerequisite work? Highly correlated gaps have a higher probability of failing simultaneously and should receive lower portfolio weight.
Diversity: The portfolio should span different subfields, different methodologies, and different time horizons (short-term deliverable + long-term breakthrough).
Efficient Frontier: At a given risk level, find the gap portfolio with the greatest return; or at a given return target, find the portfolio with the least risk.
Key insight: A medium-value gap with low correlation to other gaps may be more worth including in the portfolio than a high-value but highly correlated gap — because it provides genuine diversification.
| Tier | Number of gaps | Correlation analysis | Portfolio size | Final output |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 20–30 | Qualitative (high/medium/low) | Select 3–5 | Recommended portfolio + rationale |
| M | 31–50 | Semi-quantitative (correlation matrix) | Select 5–8 | Recommended portfolio + efficient frontier chart + alternative portfolios |
| L | 50+ | Quantitative (method/data overlap) | Select 8–12 | Full portfolio analysis + efficient frontier + risk decomposition |
gap-normalization SOP: unify gap format, extract methodology labels and data dependenciestest cases passed, vs 12 / 20 without
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