▸case-02 An online shop includes a clause in its standard terms for end-consumers (B2C) imposing a 50 EUR contractual penalty for late payment of goods. The merchant argues contractual penalties are generally legal if explicitly signed. Analyze the validity of this clause and state the governing statutory prohibition. | pass→pass | 13,085 | 13,183 | +1% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,193 | 3,001 | +37% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-01 Ein B2B-Kunde verlangt in seinen Einkaufsbedingungen eine Pönale-Klausel für verfehlte Meilensteine in einem Werkvertrag. Bitte untersuchen Sie den Passus rechtlich. Stellen Sie das Auswertungsergebnis wie gewohnt in Form einer Ampel-Bewertung, einer Redline mit alternativer Ausweichformulierung, Empfehlungen für unsere Verhandlungstaktik sowie einer kurzen juristischen Begründung zusammen. | fail→fail | 19,422 | 18,328 | -6% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 3,207 | 3,844 | +20% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-03 A consumer signs a contract for building a new single-family house (Verbraucherbauvertrag) with a standard clause specifying a daily delay penalty for late completion. Is a contractual penalty in standard terms strictly void in every consumer contract, or does a statutory exception apply here? | fail→fail | 15,193 | 12,832 | -16% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,807 | 3,170 | +13% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-04 In a B2B plant construction agreement, the buyer insists on an AGB contractual penalty for delivery delay set at 25% of the total contract value. Is this percentage enforceable under German AGB law for B2B contracts, or what is the accepted ceiling? | fail→fail | 12,425 | 14,012 | +13% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,203 | 3,105 | +41% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-05 An employer includes a standard penalty clause in a draft employment contract penalizing non-appearance on the first day of work with 3 gross monthly salaries. Evaluate the permissible cap for penalty clauses in employment contracts. | fail→fail | 14,616 | 16,008 | +10% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,307 | 3,496 | +52% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-06 A company wants to include a post-contractual non-compete penalty clause in an employment agreement. What statutory provisions outside standard labor law must be respected when drafting this clause? | fail→pass | 15,789 | 17,891 | +13% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,575 | 3,761 | +46% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-07 A vendor wants to charge consumers a fixed fee of 15 EUR for defaulted late payment reminders, calling it a liquidated damages clause in AGB. How does German law distinguish between a contractual penalty (§ 309 Nr. 6 BGB) and liquidated damages (§ 309 Nr. 5 BGB)? | pass→pass | 15,458 | 16,493 | +7% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,623 | 3,682 | +40% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-08 Why does § 309 Nr. 6 BGB not directly apply when two corporations negotiate standard purchase terms, and under which specific BGB section is the fairness of the clause reviewed instead? | pass→pass | 9,023 | 10,243 | +14% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,728 | 2,553 | +48% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-09 When preparing an AGB legal review of an incoming supplier penalty clause for a corporate procurement team, what distinct output components should be delivered to provide both risk assessment and redlining support? | fail→fail | 13,392 | 16,178 | +21% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,305 | 3,467 | +50% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-10 What is the first mandatory step in the analytical framework when assessing whether a contractual penalty clause in pre-formulated terms is valid? | fail→pass | 8,620 | 6,746 | -22% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,429 | 1,939 | +36% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-11 In assessing a clause that requires a buyer to pay 500 EUR for any breach of contract obligations, what is the second analytical step regarding the nature of the clause? | pass→pass | 7,753 | 5,573 | -28% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,213 | 1,683 | +39% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-16 If an AGB contractual penalty clause in a German supply contract is found to be excessively high or disproportionate, does the court reduce the penalty to a reasonable amount, or what happens to the clause? | pass→pass | 11,340 | 15,077 | +33% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,841 | 3,172 | +72% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-12 In a B2B supply agreement, after establishing that a clause is a contractual penalty, what is the third check in the evaluation framework? | pass→pass | 10,709 | 5,227 | -51% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,830 | 1,535 | -16% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-13 What is the fourth step in the analysis of an AGB penalty clause regarding the triggering event condition? | fail→pass | 11,170 | 9,370 | -16% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,873 | 2,271 | +21% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-14 What is the final step in evaluating an AGB penalty clause under German standard terms control before reaching a final legal outcome? | fail→fail | 12,533 | 9,140 | -27% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,389 | 2,261 | -5% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-15 To evaluate whether a disputed penalty clause in commercial practice represents an illegal AGB or an individually negotiated clause, what parameters should be captured in the evidence matrix? | fail→fail | 17,384 | 19,022 | +9% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,941 | 3,848 | +31% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-17 A supplier hides a 5% delay penalty inside a section titled 'Miscellaneous Provisions / Jurisdiction' on page 14 of standard terms. Under which BGB provision can the customer challenge this inclusion without reaching content control? | pass→pass | 7,184 | 6,589 | -8% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,277 | 1,837 | +44% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-18 Which specific subsection of § 310 BGB accounts for the special features of labor law (Arbeitsrecht) when applying AGB control to employment contracts? | pass→pass | 12,168 | 5,440 | -55% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 1,146 | 1,625 | +42% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-19 A B2B software license agreement imposes a daily penalty of 0.5% per day of delay without any maximum overall cap. How does German AGB law evaluate delay penalty clauses lacking an aggregate cap? | pass→pass | 12,382 | 14,466 | +17% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,352 | 3,405 | +45% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-20 We drafted a custom penalty clause for a commercial lease. The tenant now claims it is an unnegotiated AGB clause. What legal standard under § 305 Abs. 1 Satz 3 BGB determines whether a clause was 'individually negotiated' (Aushandeln) rather than standard terms? | pass→pass | 14,018 | 13,972 | -0% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,584 | 3,184 | +23% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-21 A buyer of commercial machinery wants to claim delay damages from a seller who delivered 30 days late. There is no penalty clause in the contract. What are the statutory requirements for claiming default damages under §§ 280 Abs. 1, 2, 286 BGB? | pass→pass | 14,352 | 13,762 | -4% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,767 | 3,287 | +19% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-22 A B2B merchant wants to insert a jurisdiction clause (Gerichtsstandsklausel) in its general terms naming the Frankfurt court. What are the legal requirements for a valid forum selection clause under § 38 ZPO? | pass→pass | 17,533 | 15,297 | -13% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 3,217 | 3,247 | +1% | 0 | 0 | — |
▸case-23 A German company signing a supply contract with an Italian manufacturer wants to insert a choice of law clause choosing German law. What governs the validity of choice of law clauses under Rome I Regulation (Rom I-VO)? | pass→fail | 13,692 | 15,920 | +16% | 1 | 1 | 0% | 2,433 | 3,589 | +48% | 0 | 0 | — |